Complete Summary and Solutions for Tools and Techniques – NCERT Class XI Biotechnology, Chapter 12 – Laboratory Methods, Analytical Techniques, Exercises

Comprehensive summary and explanation of Chapter 12 'Tools and Techniques' from the NCERT Class XI Biotechnology textbook, covering advanced techniques like microscopy, centrifugation, electrophoresis, ELISA, chromatography, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, FISH, DNA sequencing, microarray, and flow cytometry, plus detailed answers to textbook questions and concept applications.

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