Complete Summary and Solutions for Market Equilibrium – NCERT Class XII Economics, Chapter 5 – Demand and Supply, Equilibrium Price, Quantity, Shifts, Government Intervention

This chapter integrates consumer and firm behavior to explain market equilibrium through demand-supply analysis. Topics include equilibrium price and quantity determination, the effects of demand and supply shifts, excess demand and supply, out-of-equilibrium adjustments, and government interventions like price ceilings and floors. Detailed graphical illustrations, examples, and textbook exercises are included.

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