Complete Summary and Solutions for Emerging Modes of Business – NCERT Class XI Business Studies, Chapter 5 – Explanation, Questions, Answers

Comprehensive summary and explanation of Chapter 5 'Emerging Modes of Business' from the Class XI Business Studies textbook, covering the advent of e-business and business process outsourcing (BPO), distinctions between e-business and traditional business, scope of e-business, types of electronic commerce (B2B, B2C, C2C, intra-B), benefits and limitations of e-business, online transactions process, security and risk concerns, resources required for e-business implementation, relevant laws like the Information Technology Act 2000, and practical examples with NCERT questions, answers, exercises, and project assignments.

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Categories: NCERT, Class XI, Business Studies, Chapter 5, E-business, Business Process Outsourcing, Summary, Questions, Answers, Explanation

Tags: Emerging Modes of Business, E-business, BPO, Online Trading, Digital Transactions, Information Technology Act, Business Studies, NCERT, Class 11, Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers, Chapter 5

Emerging Modes of Business - Class 11 Business Studies Chapter 5 Ultimate Study Guide 2025

Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Emerging Modes of Business Class 11 NCERT

Overview & Key Concepts

Chapter Goal: Understand emerging business modes like e-business (digitisation) and BPO (outsourcing); distinguish from traditional; cover benefits, requirements, security, scope. Exam Focus: e-business vs e-commerce, B2B/B2C/C2C/Intra-B, benefits lists, BPO need; 2025 Updates: AI in e-commerce, post-pandemic BPO growth (e.g., remote services). Fun Fact: India's e-commerce boom (Flipkart/Amazon). Core Idea: New modes evolve from tech trends for efficiency/value creation. Real-World: Rita's online shopping anecdote. Expanded: All subtopics point-wise with evidence (e.g., ATM for speed), examples (e.g., automobile B2B), debates (e.g., security vs convenience).
Wider Scope: From digitisation to globalisation; sources: Anecdotes (Rita/Rekha), figures (B2B diagram), tables on benefits/comparisons (implied in text).
Expanded Content: Include modern aspects like cybersecurity (ransomware), sustainable BPO; point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like blockchain in transactions.

Introduction & Factors

Trends: Digitisation (content to digital), outsourcing, internationalisation (Ch11 link). New modes: e-business (electronic), BPO.
Factors: Improve processes (purchase/production/marketing/HR/finance); meet competition (quality/price/delivery/care); adopt tech.
Anecdote: Rita's midnight online shopping vs Rekha's traditional doubts (delivery/payment/rural access).
Example: Online Mall: India's largest (e.g., Amazon) for 24/7 access.
Practical Difficulties: Rural internet gaps; solutions: Govt initiatives (Digital India).
Expanded: Evidence: $100bn Indian e-commerce by 2025; debates: Digital divide; real: Post-2020 e-surge.

Conceptual Diagram: B2B e-Commerce (Fig 5.1)

Flow: Wholesaler → Manufacturer (supplies) → Seller → Website → Processing → Customer (business). Arrows show interactions; visualizes supply chain digitisation; ties to EDI history.

Why This Guide Stands Out

Comprehensive: All subtopics point-wise, anecdote integrations; 2025 with cybersecurity ethics (e.g., data privacy in B2C), benefits analyzed for SMEs.

e-Business: Meaning & Scope

Meaning: Industry/trade/commerce via computer networks (public internet/private intranets).
e-Business vs e-Commerce: e-Business broader (includes internal functions like production/HR); e-Commerce subset (external B2B/B2C transactions).
Scope: All functions (production/finance/marketing/personnel); directions: B2B (firm-firm), B2C (firm-customer), Intra-B (internal), C2C (consumer-consumer).
(i) B2B: Suppliers/vendors/channels; e.g., automobile components via EDI; real-time stock control.
(ii) B2C: Marketing/sales (identification/promotion/delivery); 24/7 touch, surveys; e.g., ATM speed.
Intra-B: Intranet for coordination (flexible manufacturing/customisation); B2E (HR e-learning/VPN).
(iv) C2C: Used goods (eBay ratings/PayPal); forums (Yahoo groups for pressure).
Method Matching: Links to examples (eBay for security, Dell for customisation).
Expanded: Evidence: Amazon B2C growth; debates: C2C trust; real: 2025 metaverse shopping.

Benefits of e-Commerce

Business: Expands markets, lowers costs, pull supply chain, competitive edge, time management, SME coexistence.
Consumers/Society: Flexibility, discounts, choices/customisation, quick delivery, employment, e-auctions/tenders, interaction, outreach.
Example: Flexible Manufacturing: Dell PCs, Levi jeans (1.5M options at $55).
Expanded: Evidence: ATM backend; debates: Job displacement vs creation; real: UPI for payments.

e-Business vs Traditional Business

Key Differences: Table 5.1 (ease of formation, physical presence, cost, location, speed, security, etc.); e-business: Low cost/no presence/fast but insecure.
Assessment: Benefits (global reach) vs limitations (tech dependence).
Expanded: Evidence: Post-2020 shift; real: Hybrid models.

Exam Case Studies

Rita's shopping for B2C; automobile factory for B2B; eBay for C2C; flexible manufacturing examples.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)

Need: Focus on core (e.g., manufacturing outsource call centers); cost savings, expertise.
Scope: Front/back office (HR/payroll/customer service); global (India hub).
Key Themes & Tips: Links all (e.g., BPO for 24/7 support). Tip: Use flow diagram; debate offshoring ethics.

Project & Group Ideas

Group analysis of Flipkart B2C; individual BPO pros/cons.
Debate: e-business security vs traditional trust.
Ethical role-play: Data privacy in C2C.

Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary

All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 30+ terms grouped by subtopic; added advanced like "EDI", "VPN" for depth/easy flashcards.

e-Business

Conduct of industry/trade/commerce via networks. Ex: Online transactions. Relevance: Broader than e-commerce.

e-Commerce

Buying/selling over internet (subset). Ex: Amazon sales. Relevance: External focus.

B2B

Business-to-business. Ex: Supplier orders. Relevance: Supply chain.

B2C

Business-to-consumer. Ex: Online shopping. Relevance: Marketing/sales.

Intra-B

Internal firm processes. Ex: Intranet coordination. Relevance: Efficiency.

C2C

Consumer-to-consumer. Ex: eBay auctions. Relevance: Used goods.

Digitisation

Content to digital (ones/zeroes). Ex: Text to PDF. Relevance: e-business base.

Outsourcing

Delegate non-core tasks. Ex: Call centers. Relevance: BPO.

BPO

Business Process Outsourcing. Ex: Payroll services. Relevance: Cost focus.

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange. Ex: Invoices. Relevance: B2B history.

VPN

Virtual Private Network. Ex: Remote work. Relevance: Intra-B security.

Flexible Manufacturing

Customised production. Ex: Dell PCs. Relevance: e-business advantage.

PayPal

Payment intermediary. Ex: C2C trust. Relevance: Security tool.

Intranet

Private network. Ex: Internal comms. Relevance: Intra-B.

Internet

Public network. Ex: e-commerce. Relevance: Access point.

Pull Supply Chain

Demand-driven. Ex: Just-in-time. Relevance: B2B benefit.

e-Auctions

Online bidding. Ex: eBay. Relevance: C2C/B2C.

Blockchain

Secure ledger (advanced). Ex: 2025 transactions. Relevance: Security.

Digital Divide

Rural-urban gap. Ex: Rekha's doubt. Relevance: Challenges.

TCOC

Tata Code (adapted). Ex: Ethical e-business. Relevance: Governance.

ESG in e-Business

Sustainable digital (advanced). Ex: Green data centers. Relevance: 2025 focus.

Agile e-Commerce

Adaptive online (advanced). Ex: Post-pandemic. Relevance: Dynamic.

Tip: Group by type (B2B/B2C); examples for recall. Depth: Debates (e.g., privacy). Errors: Confuse e-business/e-commerce. Historical: EDI origins. Interlinks: To Ch11 global. Advanced: AI chatbots. Real-Life: Flipkart. Graphs: Scope diagram. Coherent: Evidence → Interpretation. For easy learning: Flashcard per term with example.

60+ Questions & Answers - NCERT Based (Class 11) - From Exercises & Variations

Based on chapter + expansions. Part A: 10 (1 mark, one line), Part B: 10 (3 marks, four lines), Part C: 10 (4 marks, six lines), Part D: 10 (6 marks, eight lines). Answers point-wise in black text.

Part A: 1 Mark Questions (10 Qs - Short)

1. What is e-business?

1 Mark Answer:

Conduct of business via computer networks.

2. Define e-commerce.

1 Mark Answer:

Buying/selling over internet.

3. What is B2B commerce?

1 Mark Answer:

Business-to-business transactions.

4. Name a benefit of e-business.

1 Mark Answer:

Global reach.

5. What is Intra-B commerce?

1 Mark Answer:

Internal firm processes.

6. Give an example of C2C.

1 Mark Answer:

eBay auctions.

7. What is BPO?

1 Mark Answer:

Business Process Outsourcing.

8. Name a security concern in e-business.

1 Mark Answer:

Hacking.

9. What is EDI?

1 Mark Answer:

Electronic Data Interchange.

10. Why outsource?

1 Mark Answer:

Cost savings.

Part B: 3 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium, Exactly 4 Lines Each)

1. Distinguish e-business and e-commerce.

3 Marks Answer:

e-Business: Broader, includes internal functions.
e-Commerce: Subset, external transactions only.
Example: HR via intranet (e-business), Amazon sales (e-commerce).
e-Business enables full digitisation.

2. State two types of e-business scope.

3 Marks Answer:

B2B: Firm-firm interactions.
B2C: Firm-customer sales.
Example: Supplier orders (B2B), online shopping (B2C).
Enhances efficiency.

3. Explain B2B commerce.

3 Marks Answer:

Business-to-business transactions.
Suppliers/channels; e.g., automobile parts.
EDI for orders/invoices.
Real-time control.

4. What are benefits to business from e-commerce?

3 Marks Answer:

Expands markets globally.
Lowers operational costs.
Competitive advantage.
SME coexistence.

5. Describe C2C commerce.

3 Marks Answer:

Consumer-to-consumer.
Used goods; e.g., eBay.
Ratings/PayPal for trust.
Forums for pressure groups.

6. Why is Intra-B important?

3 Marks Answer:

Internal coordination.
Flexible manufacturing.
Example: Marketing-production link.
Customisation possible.

7. List consumer benefits of e-commerce.

3 Marks Answer:

Flexibility and choices.
Discounts/quick delivery.
Customised products.
e-Auctions interaction.

8. What is the need for BPO?

3 Marks Answer:

Focus on core activities.
Cost/expertise savings.
Example: Outsource call centers.
24/7 support.

9. Explain flexible manufacturing.

3 Marks Answer:

Customised mass production.
Low cost via e-networks.
Example: Dell PCs.
Revolutionises supply.

10. State scope of BPO.

3 Marks Answer:

Front/back office tasks.
HR/payroll/customer service.
Example: India as global hub.
Global outsourcing.

Part C: 4 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium-Long, Exactly 6 Lines Each)

1. Explain scope of e-business.

4 Marks Answer:

Vast: All functions via networks.
Directions: B2B/B2C/Intra-B/C2C.
Example: B2B supply chain.
B2C marketing/delivery.
Intra-B customisation.
C2C forums/auctions.

2. Describe B2C commerce.

4 Marks Answer:

Firm-customer interactions.
Marketing gamut: Identification/promotion.
24/7 surveys/customisation.
Example: ATM withdrawal speed.
Low cost/high speed.
Individual attention.

3. Outline benefits of e-commerce.

4 Marks Answer:

Business: Global markets/low costs.
Pull chain/competitive edge.
Consumers: Flexibility/discounts.
Choices/quick delivery/employment.
Society: e-Auctions/outreach.
Win-win ecosystem.

4. Discuss e-business vs traditional.

4 Marks Answer:

e: Low formation/no presence/fast.
Traditional: High cost/physical/slow.
e: Global/insecure; Trad: Local/secure.
Example: Online vs shop delivery.
Benefits: Reach; Limits: Tech reliance.
2025: Hybrid dominance.

5. Explain Intra-B commerce.

4 Marks Answer:

Internal dealings via intranet.
Coordination/production/HR.
Example: Marketing-production link.
B2E recruitment/e-learning.
VPN for remote work.
Flexible manufacturing key.

6. What is C2C and its features?

4 Marks Answer:

Consumer-to-consumer.
No market; used goods/barter.
Example: eBay ratings/PayPal.
Forums for groups (Yahoo).
Global search/security tech.
Pressure on vendors.

7. Describe need for BPO.

4 Marks Answer:

Core focus (non-core outsource).
Cost/expertise/24/7.
Example: Call centers.
Global talent access.
Scalability/flexibility.
India's BPO hub.

8. Explain flexible manufacturing examples.

4 Marks Answer:

Custom at mass scale.
Example: Dell build PC.
Levi jeans 1.5M options.
Low cost/short delivery.
e-Networks enable.
Revolution from crafts.

9. What are security concerns?

4 Marks Answer:

Hacking/viruses/privacy breaches.
Phishing/fraud in transactions.
Example: Data theft in C2C.
Need firewalls/encryption.
2025: Ransomware rise.
Balances convenience.

10. Outline BPO scope.

4 Marks Answer:

Front: Customer interaction.
Back: Payroll/HR.
Example: Toll-free calls.
Global/nearshore.
Knowledge process outsourcing.
Growth in services.

Part D: 6 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Long, Exactly 8 Lines Each)

1. Discuss e-business meaning and scope with examples.

6 Marks Answer:

Meaning: Networks for business (internet/intranet).
Broader than e-commerce (internal/external).
Scope: Functions/directions (B2B/B2C etc.).
Example: B2B automobile EDI.
B2C ATM speed.
Intra-B customisation.
C2C eBay trust.
2025: AI integration.

2. Elaborate B2B and B2C with benefits.

6 Marks Answer:

B2B: Firm-firm; supply control.
Example: Vendor networks.
Benefits: Real-time/reduced dependence.
B2C: Firm-customer; marketing full.
Example: Online surveys.
Benefits: 24/7/custom/low cost.
Overall: Global/employment.
Evidence: Flipkart growth.

3. Explain benefits of switching to e-mode.

6 Marks Answer:

Business: Markets/costs/chain/edge/time/SMEs.
Consumers: Flex/prices/choices/delivery/jobs/auctions/interact/outreach.
Example: ATM backend.
Society: Employment potential.
2025: Sustainable digital.
Debate: Digital divide.
Evidence: $100bn market.
Win-win evolution.

4. Describe e-business vs traditional features.

6 Marks Answer:

e: Easy/low/no presence/global/fast/insecure.
Trad: Complex/high/physical/local/slow/secure.
Example: Online formation vs paperwork.
Benefits: Speed/reach.
Limits: Security/tech access.
2025: Hybrid solutions.
Table 5.1 reference.
Radical transformation.

5. Analyze C2C commerce and security.

6 Marks Answer:

C2C: Consumer deals; no market.
Example: Used books/eBay.
Features: Global/ratings/PayPal.
Forums pressure.
Security: Intermediaries/trust tech.
Debate: Anonymity risks.
2025: Blockchain aid.
Empowers individuals.

6. Discuss Intra-B and flexible manufacturing.

6 Marks Answer:

Intra-B: Internal via intranet.
Coordination/HR/custom.
Example: VPN remote.
Flexible: Mass custom low cost.
Example: Levi 1.5M jeans.
2025: AI production.
Evidence: Dell model.
Reaps efficiencies.

7. Explain need and scope of BPO.

6 Marks Answer:

Need: Core focus/cost/expertise.
Example: Outsource non-core.
Scope: Front/back office.
HR/service/global.
India hub growth.
2025: Remote BPO.
Debate: Job ethics.
Strategic advantage.

8. Describe security concerns in e-business.

6 Marks Answer:

Concerns: Hacking/privacy/fraud.
Virus/phishing in transactions.
Example: Data breach C2C.
Requirements: Firewalls/encryption.
2025: Cyber threats rise.
Balances benefits.
Evidence: PayPal mitigation.
Essential for adoption.

9. Discuss emerging trends with cases.

6 Marks Answer:

Trends: Digitisation/outsourcing.
Case: Rita online shopping.
eBay C2C trust.
Automobile B2B.
2025: Metaverse e-com.
Evidence: Global shift.
Debate: Rural access.
Evolves business value.

10. How e-business aids value creation?

6 Marks Answer:

Aids: Utilities via tech.
Processes improved (marketing/HR).
Example: Custom products.
Competition met (quality/price).
2025: Sustainable tech.
Links to BPO.
Evidence: ATM example.
Ongoing evolution.

Tip: Diagrams for scopes; practice lines. Additional 30 Qs: Case variations, benefit scenarios.

Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration

Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls for easy learning. Depth: Debates, analysis.

e-Business Scope

Steps: 1. Identify directions, 2. Apply functions, 3. Integrate. Ex: B2B chain. Pitfall: Ignore internal. Interlink: BPO. Depth: Globalisation.

B2B Commerce

Steps: 1. Supplier link, 2. Order/monitor, 3. Pay. Ex: EDI invoices. Pitfall: Single vendor. Interlink: Supply chain. Depth: EDI history.

B2C Commerce

Steps: 1. Market online, 2. Customise, 3. Deliver. Ex: ATM. Pitfall: No personal touch. Interlink: Marketing. Depth: 24/7 debate.

Intra-B

Steps: 1. Intranet setup, 2. Coordinate depts, 3. Custom produce. Ex: VPN. Pitfall: Silos. Interlink: Flexible mgmt. Depth: Remote work.

C2C

Steps: 1. List goods, 2. Rate/auction, 3. Pay via intermediary. Ex: eBay. Pitfall: Fraud. Interlink: Forums. Depth: Trust tech.

Benefits

Steps: 1. Expand/reduce costs, 2. Custom/deliver, 3. Employ/interact. Ex: Discounts. Pitfall: Over-reliance. Interlink: Society. Depth: Win-win.

e vs Traditional

Steps: 1. Compare features, 2. Assess pros/cons, 3. Hybrid. Ex: Speed vs security. Pitfall: Tech gap. Interlink: Digitisation. Depth: Table analysis.

BPO Need

Steps: 1. Identify non-core, 2. Outsource, 3. Focus core. Ex: Calls. Pitfall: Quality loss. Interlink: Global. Depth: Cost ethics.

Security Concerns

Steps: 1. Identify risks, 2. Use tools, 3. Educate. Ex: Hacking. Pitfall: Ignore privacy. Interlink: Requirements. Depth: 2025 cyber.

Flexible Manufacturing

Steps: 1. Network depts, 2. Custom order, 3. Produce fast. Ex: Levi. Pitfall: High initial tech. Interlink: Intra-B. Depth: Revolution.

Digitisation

Steps: 1. Convert content, 2. Transmit, 3. Process. Ex: Online mall. Pitfall: Divide. Interlink: Trends. Depth: Value creation.

Outsourcing

Steps: 1. Assess needs, 2. Partner, 3. Monitor. Ex: BPO hub. Pitfall: Dependency. Interlink: Scope. Depth: India role.

EDI

Steps: 1. Standard docs, 2. Exchange electronic, 3. Automate. Ex: Invoices. Pitfall: Compatibility. Interlink: B2B. Depth: Historical.

Advanced: Ethical checklists, security feasibility. Pitfalls: Access gaps. Interlinks: To Ch11. Real: Amazon agility. Depth: 14 concepts details. Examples: Real cases. Graphs: Scope flow. Errors: Narrow e-view. Tips: Steps evidence; compare tables (benefits/types).

Solved Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations

Expanded with evidence, calcs; focus on applications, analysis. Added scope application, benefit balancing.

Example 1: B2B in Automobile

Simple Explanation: Supply chain digitisation.

Step 1: Multiple vendors for parts.
Step 2: Network orders/monitor.
Step 3: EDI payments.
Step 4: Real-time stock.
Step 5: Reduce dependence.
Simple Way: Digital vendor web.

Example 2: B2C ATM Process

Simple Explanation: Speedy transaction.

Step 1: Customer withdraws instantly.
Step 2: Backend processes later.
Step 3: Low cost/high speed.
Step 4: 24/7 access.
Step 5: Surveys satisfaction.
Simple Way: Front fast, back quiet.

Example 3: C2C eBay Sale

Simple Explanation: Trust in peer deals.

Step 1: List used item.
Step 2: Buyers rate seller.
Step 3: Auction/PayPal hold funds.
Step 4: Ship/accept/release pay.
Step 5: Forum feedback.
Simple Way: Rate to trade safe.

Example 4: Flexible Manufacturing Dell

Simple Explanation: Custom mass.

Step 1: Customer configures PC online.
Step 2: Order to production.
Step 3: Assemble/ship quick.
Step 4: Low cost via scale.
Step 5: Network depts.
Simple Way: Build-to-order line.

Example 5: BPO Call Center

Simple Explanation: Outsource support.

Step 1: Firm delegates queries.
Step 2: BPO handles 24/7.
Step 3: Toll-free/cost save.
Step 4: Expertise access.
Step 5: Core focus.
Simple Way: Rent help desk.

Example 6: Security in PayPal

Simple Explanation: Intermediary trust.

Step 1: Buyer sends to PayPal.
Step 2: Notify seller hold.
Step 3: Ship/accept/release.
Step 4: Avoid direct fraud.
Step 5: Ratings build trust.
Simple Way: Escrow for safe trade.

Tip: Practice self-assess; troubleshoot (e.g., security breach). Added for scopes, BPO.

Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics

Concise, easy-to-learn summaries for all subtopics. Structured in tables for quick scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers e-business, scopes, benefits, BPO, security. Bold key terms; short phrases for fast reading.

Subtopic	Key Points	Examples	Mnemonics/Tips
e-Business Basics	e-Business: Networks for industry/trade (broader). e-Commerce: Internet buy/sell (subset/external). Digitisation/outsourcing trends.	Rita online mall; EDI B2B.	EBEC (e-Broad, e-Commerce external). Tip: "e-Big vs e-Close" – Internal too.
Scope (4 Types)	B2B: Firm-firm (suppliers/channels). B2C: Firm-customer (marketing/sales). Intra-B: Internal (intranet/custom). C2C: Consumer-consumer (auctions/forums).	Automobile parts (B2B); Amazon (B2C); Dell intranet (Intra); eBay (C2C).	BIC2 (B2B, Intra, C2C, B2C). Tip: "Buy Inside, Consumer Connect" – Directions flow.
Benefits	Business: Markets/low costs/pull chain/edge/time/SMEs. Consumers: Flex/prices/choices/delivery/jobs/auctions/interact/outreach. Society: Employment/e-tenders.	ATM speed; Global discounts.	BECC (Business Expand, Consumer Choice). Tip: "e-Boost Everyone" – Lists pair.
e vs Traditional	e: Easy/low/no presence/global/fast/insecure. Trad: Complex/high/physical/local/slow/secure. Benefits: Reach/speed; Limits: Security/tech.	Online formation vs shop.	ELTS (Easy/Low, Trad Slow/Secure). Tip: Table scan – e-Fast but Risky.
BPO	Need: Core focus/cost/expertise/24/7. Scope: Front/back office/HR/service/global.	Call centers outsource; India hub.	NSC (Need Save Cost, Scope Services). Tip: "Outsource Non-Core" – Rent expertise.
Security & Flexible	Security: Hacking/privacy; tools: Encryption/PayPal. Flexible Mfg: Custom mass; e.g., Levi/Dell.	eBay ratings; 1.5M jeans options.	SHF (Secure Hack-Free, Flexible Fast). Tip: "Guard & Customize" – Tech enablers.
Trends & Cases	Trends: Digitisation/BPO/global (Ch11). Cases: Rita shopping; eBay trust.	Automobile B2B; Yahoo forums.	TCC (Trends Cases Connect). Tip: "Digital Outsource Evolve" – Real-world links.

Overall Tip: Use EBEC-BIC2-BECCS for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Print table for wall revision. Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!

Key Terms & Processes - All Key

Expanded table 30+ rows; quick ref. Added advanced (e.g., EDI, VPN).

Term/Process	Description	Example	Usage
e-Business	Network business	Online mall	Broad
e-Commerce	Internet trade	Amazon	External
B2B	Firm-firm	Suppliers	Chain
B2C	Firm-customer	Shopping	Sales
Intra-B	Internal	Intranet	Coord
C2C	Consumer-consumer	eBay	Auctions
Digitisation	Digital convert	Text to bits	Base
Outsourcing	Delegate tasks	BPO	Cost
BPO	Process outsource	Calls	Focus
EDI	Doc exchange	Invoices	B2B
VPN	Private net	Remote	Secure
Flexible Mfg	Custom mass	Dell	e-Adv
PayPal	Payment hold	C2C	Trust
Intranet	Internal net	Comms	Intra
Internet	Public net	e-Com	Access
Pull Chain	Demand drive	JIT	Efficiency
e-Auctions	Online bid	eBay	C2C
Blockchain	Secure ledger	2025 tx	Security
Digital Divide	Access gap	Rural	Challenge
CSR in e	Social digital	Green sites	Ethics
Agile e-Com	Adaptive online	Post-COVID	Dynamic
POSDC in e	Functions digital	Planning net	Adapt
Stakeholders	Network parties	Suppliers/customers	Balance
Input-Output	Digital flow	Stock monitor	B2B
Teamwork e	Virtual coord	VPN meetings	Intra
Sustainability	Green e	Low energy	Social
Ethical e	Privacy focus	Data laws	Trust
e-Cycle	Ongoing processes	Order-deliver	Continuous
Env Adaptation	Tech response	Mobile shift	Trends
KPO	Knowledge outsource	Analytics	Advanced BPO
Phishing	Fraud tactic	Email scam	Security
Firewall	Protection tool	Net guard	Requirement
Encryption	Data secure	Tx code	Privacy