National War Memorial – Built between April 2018 and February 2019 near India Gate; spread over ~40 acres and contains concentric circles (Amar, Veerta, Tyag, Raksha) and a 15m obelisk with the Amar Jawan Jyoti (eternal flame). More than 26,000 names are etched on nearly 29,000 tablets. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}

Gallantry Awards Mentioned: Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Maha Vir Chakra (MVC), Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, Shaurya Chakra. First PVC awarded posthumously to Major Somnath Sharma (1947). Examples of heroes: Lance Naik Albert Ekka (PVC) and Major Padmapani Acharya (MVC). :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}

1. What is the National War Memorial and why is it important?
The National War Memorial is a monument near India Gate honouring soldiers who fought for India after Independence. It is important because it preserves the memory of sacrifice and helps citizens remember the cost of freedom. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

2. What is the Amar Jawan Jyoti?
Amar Jawan Jyoti is the eternal flame that commemorates the fallen soldiers; it was merged into the new memorial and symbolizes the immortality of the spirit of the heroes. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

3. Give an example of bravery from the chapter.
Lance Naik Albert Ekka charged an enemy bunker under heavy fire, silenced a machine-gun post, and continued fighting despite serious injuries—posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}

4. How did the visit affect the students?
They were awestruck and humbled, inspired to research stories of valour and present them in school; some even considered joining the Armed Forces. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}

Passage: “You can see the obelisk surrounded by wreaths… the interminable flame as a metaphor for eternal stories of courage and valour.”

(i) What does the ‘interminable flame’ symbolise?
A: The eternal flame symbolises the immortal spirit and everlasting remembrance of soldiers’ sacrifices. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}

(ii) Is the sentence “It truly is a majestic site that filled me with pride” a fact or opinion?
A: It is an opinion (personal feeling of pride and admiration). :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}

Important Words & Meanings

• homage — public show of respect. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}
• obelisk — tapering stone pillar. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}
• wreath — arrangement of flowers used as tribute. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}
• gallantry — exceptional courage in battle. :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}
• citation — an official description of a brave action (often used when awarding medals). :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}

Grammar Focus

• Prefixes: dis-, in-, im-, un- (example activity in the chapter).
• Reported/Indirect speech – practice converting sentences from the letters in the chapter. :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}
• Onomatopoeia & imagery in the poem (sound and visual words used to create atmosphere).