Complete Summary and Solutions for Growth and Development during Adolescence – NCERT Class X Health and Physical Education, Chapter 3 – Explanation, Questions, Answers
Detailed summary and explanation of Chapter 3 'Growth and Development during Adolescence' from the NCERT Health and Physical Education textbook for Class X, covering the adolescence period (10-19 years), biological life cycle stages, puberty onset with hormone activation (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone), growth spurt in body size/structure, secondary sexual characteristics, wet dreams, menstruation (menarche to menopause) with hygiene practices, psychosocial changes, peer influence, and risks of teenage pregnancy. The chapter includes case studies on individual differences in development timing, activities for measuring height/weight/BMI/blood pressure/mid-arm circumference, vital statistics assessment, and discussion points on myths, self-confidence, and health consultations.
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Categories: NCERT, Class X, Health and Physical Education, Chapter 3, Adolescence, Growth Development, Puberty, Secondary Sexual Characteristics, Menstruation, Psychosocial Changes, Teenage Pregnancy, Summary, Questions, Answers, Explanation
Growth and Development during Adolescence - Class 10 Health and Physical Education Chapter 3 Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Growth and Development during Adolescence
Chapter 3: Health and Physical Education - Ultimate Study Guide | NCERT Class 10 Notes, Questions, Examples & Quiz 2025
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Growth and Development during Adolescence Class 10 NCERT
Overview & Key Concepts
Chapter Goal: Understand adolescence as a period of physical, emotional, and social changes from puberty (10-19 years); focus on growth spurt, secondary sexual characteristics, psychosocial changes, menstrual hygiene, risks like teenage pregnancy. Exam Focus: Life cycle stages, unique features, wet dreams myths, case studies, vital statistics (BP, BMI), pharmacology basics; 2025 Updates: Mental health integration, digital health tracking for growth. Fun Fact: Puberty timing varies; average menarche 12-13 years in India. Core Idea: Natural hormone-driven changes; support self-acceptance, hygiene, consult trusted adults. Real-World: Activities like measuring BMI promote self-monitoring. Expanded: All subtopics point-wise with evidence (e.g., Table 1 life stages), examples (e.g., case studies), debates (e.g., myths vs facts on wet dreams).
Wider Scope: From prenatal to old age; sources: Tables (life stages, secondary characteristics), activities (3.1-3.6), case studies (1-3). Interlinks to biology (hormones) and social studies (gender roles).
Expanded Content: Include modern aspects like apps for period tracking; point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like adolescent mental health post-pandemic.
Expanded: Evidence: Flowchart of changes; debates: Early vs late puberty impacts; real: 2025 nutrition apps for tracking.
Conceptual Diagram: Growth Spurt Flow
Flowchart: Hormones → Physical (size/structure) → Secondary characteristics → Maturity (genitals/social) → Opposite sex attraction; arrows show rapid changes 10-19 years.
Why This Guide Stands Out
Comprehensive: All stages/activities point-wise, case integrations; 2025 with mental health (e.g., apps for mood tracking), hygiene analyzed for inclusivity (CWSN).
Changes in Body Size and Structure
Hormone Influence: Growth/maturity of gonads; males: testes produce sperms; females: ova mature.
Overall Growth: Height via bone centers; adult height by 14-18 years; muscle peak 14-16; girls: wider pelvis.
Key Themes & Tips: Links all (e.g., hygiene for psychosocial well-being). Tip: Use tables for stages/characteristics; debate early pregnancy ethics.
Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary
All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 30+ terms grouped by subtopic; added advanced like "digital health tracking", "adolescent mental health" for depth/easy flashcards.
Adolescence
Period 10-19 years of rapid changes post-puberty. Ex: Growth spurt. Relevance: Transitional phase.
Puberty
Onset of sexual maturity via hormones. Ex: Menarche. Relevance: Merges into adolescence.
Growth Spurt
Rapid body size/shape change. Ex: Height increase. Relevance: Skeletal/muscular acceleration.
Inspect for discoloration. Ex: No lesions normal. Relevance: Overall health.
Hypertension
High BP (>130/90). Ex: Age-related. Relevance: Risk factor.
Digital Health Tracking
Apps for growth/periods (advanced). Ex: BMI calculators. Relevance: 2025 self-monitoring.
Adolescent Mental Health
Mood/identity support (advanced). Ex: Peer pressure coping. Relevance: Psychosocial focus.
Tip: Group by physical/psychosocial; examples for recall. Depth: Debates (e.g., wet dream myths). Errors: Confuse primary/secondary characteristics. Interlinks: To biology chapters. Advanced: Telemedicine for consults. Real-Life: School health camps. Graphs: Growth charts. Coherent: Evidence → Interpretation. For easy learning: Flashcard per term with example.
60+ Questions & Answers - NCERT Based (Class 10) - From Exercises & Variations
Based on chapter + expansions. Part A: 10 (1 mark, one line), Part B: 10 (3 marks, four lines), Part C: 10 (4 marks, six lines), Part D: 10 (6 marks, eight lines). Answers point-wise in black text.
Part A: 1 Mark Questions (10 Qs - Short)
1. What is adolescence duration?
1 Mark Answer:
10-19 years.
2. Define puberty.
1 Mark Answer:
Onset of sexual maturity.
3. What triggers growth spurt?
1 Mark Answer:
Hormones.
4. Name a secondary characteristic in girls.
1 Mark Answer:
Breast development.
5. What is menarche age in India?
1 Mark Answer:
12-13 years.
6. Define wet dreams.
1 Mark Answer:
Semen discharge during sleep.
7. What is BMI formula?
1 Mark Answer:
Weight/Height^2.
8. Normal BP for young adult?
1 Mark Answer:
110/75 mm Hg.
9. What is pharmacology?
1 Mark Answer:
Drug effects study.
10. Name a psychosocial change.
1 Mark Answer:
Peer closeness.
Part B: 3 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium, Exactly 4 Lines Each)
1. List three life cycle stages with durations.
3 Marks Answer:
Infancy: 28 days-1 year.
Childhood: 1-10 years.
Adolescence: 10-19 years.
Rapid changes in adolescence.
2. State two unique features of adolescence.
3 Marks Answer:
Physical growth spurt.
Between puberty and adulthood.
Example: Height increase.
Hormone-driven.
3. Explain secondary sexual characteristics.
3 Marks Answer:
Non-genital traits.
Girls: Breasts; Boys: Voice.
Example: Hair growth both.
Develop 10-19 years.
4. What are wet dreams? Debunk a myth.
3 Marks Answer:
Normal semen discharge.
Myth: Causes weakness.
Fact: Semen replenishes.
Consult doctor if worried.
5. Describe menstrual hygiene tips.
3 Marks Answer:
Change pads 4-6 hrs.
Wash regularly.
Sun-dry cloth pads.
Govt subsidized napkins.
6. Why psychosocial changes occur?
3 Marks Answer:
Self/society awareness.
Peer attraction.
Example: Identity sense.
Builds confidence.
7. List three risks of teenage pregnancy.
3 Marks Answer:
Anemia/maternal death.
Infant complications.
Education delay.
Psychological immaturity.
8. What is normal BMI range?
3 Marks Answer:
18-25 normal.
>25 overweight.
>30 obese.
Calculate: kg/m^2.
9. Explain tongue examination.
3 Marks Answer:
Color: Pink red.
Texture: Rough papillae.
Size: Fits mouth.
Detects deficiencies.
10. What are pharmacology effects?
3 Marks Answer:
Therapeutic: Cure/stimulate.
Side: Dry mouth/toxicity.
Example: Anti-allergic.
No OTC without Rx.
Part C: 4 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium-Long, Exactly 6 Lines Each)
1. Describe life cycle stages briefly.
4 Marks Answer:
Prenatal: Foetus development.
Neonatal: Rapid early growth.
Adolescence: Hormone changes.
Adulthood: Maturation.
Old Age: Weakening.
Crucial: Adolescence.
2. Explain growth spurt changes.
4 Marks Answer:
Body size increase.
Skeletal/muscular spurt.
Height by 14-18 years.
Girls: Wider pelvis.
Example: Organ growth.
Hormone stimulated.
3. Outline secondary characteristics table.
4 Marks Answer:
Girls: Menstruation/breasts.
Boys: Voice/shoulders.
Both: Height/hair.
Activity 3.1 use.
Develop gradually.
No comparison.
4. Discuss wet dreams and myths.
4 Marks Answer:
Normal physiological.
Semen with sperms.
Myth: Weakness.
Fact: Replenishes.
Case 3: Doctor advice.
Shame avoidance.
5. Explain menstrual hygiene importance.
4 Marks Answer:
Avoid infections.
Change regularly.
Clean cloth/sanitary.
Dispose properly.
Govt schemes.
CWSN support.
6. Describe psychosocial changes.
4 Marks Answer:
Mood/attraction shifts.
Peer dependence.
Identity development.
Activity 3.2: Experiences.
Safety net needed.
Overcome confusion.
7. List risks of adolescent pregnancy.
4 Marks Answer:
Mental unpreparedness.
Anemia/death risks.
Tract damage.
Education/career delay.
Activity 3.3 case.
Greater on girls.
8. How to measure BP?
4 Marks Answer:
Sphygmomanometer use.
Cuff on arm, inflate.
Systolic/diastolic read.
Normal 110/75.
Activity 3.5: Clinic visit.
Hypertension risk.
9. Explain pharmacology basics.
4 Marks Answer:
Drug effects study.
Therapeutic: Cure.
Side: Toxicity.
Prevent: Doctor Rx.
Unusual responses harm.
Overdose error.
10. Describe vital exams (tongue/nails).
4 Marks Answer:
Tongue: Pink/rough.
Protrude/check ventral.
Nails: No discoloration.
Lesions need attention.
Detect deficiencies.
Activity 3.6: BMI link.
Part D: 6 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Long, Exactly 8 Lines Each)
1. Discuss adolescence features with examples.
6 Marks Answer:
Puberty onset.
Growth spurt: Height.
Secondary: Breasts/voice.
Psychosocial: Peers.
Case 1: Voice tease.
2025: Mental support.
Individual variation.
Acceptance key.
2. Elaborate body changes during spurt.
6 Marks Answer:
Hormones stimulate gonads.
Bone length increase.
Muscle/organ growth.
Girls: Pelvis widens.
Peak 14-16 years.
Example: Heart/lungs.
Evidence: Flowchart.
No embarrassment.
3. Explain secondary characteristics with table.
6 Marks Answer:
Girls: Menstruation/hips.
Boys: Shoulders/voice.
Both: Height/sweat glands.
Activity 3.1: Ticks.
Develop post-puberty.
Case 2: Periods variation.
Support peers.
Unique timing.
4. Discuss menstrual hygiene and schemes.
6 Marks Answer:
Menarche 12-13.
Hygiene: Bath/change pads.
Home pads: Clean cotton.
Dispose: Incinerators.
Govt: ASHA subsidized.
CWSN: Demonstrate.
Infection prevention.
2025: Eco-options.
5. Analyze psychosocial changes impacts.
6 Marks Answer:
Self-image build.
Peer pressure/stress.
Activity 3.2: Curiosity.
Safety net: Trusted adults.
Express opinions.
Debate: Independence.
Ancient vs modern views.
Mental health focus.
6. Discuss teenage pregnancy risks with case.
6 Marks Answer:
Not mature physically.
Health: Anemia/death.
Social: Education delay.
Activity 3.3: Rahul/Sangeeta.
Greater girl impact.
2025: Awareness programs.
Early marriage cause.
Prevent via education.
7. Explain vital statistics measurements.
6 Marks Answer:
BP: Sphygmomanometer.
BMI: Formula calculation.
Arm circumference: Tape mid-biceps.
Activity 3.4-3.6: Group data.
Variations analyze.
Normal ranges know.
Health indicators.
School provisions.
8. Describe case studies learnings.
6 Marks Answer:
Case 1: Individual timing.
Case 2: No wrong with delay.
Case 3: Myths debunk.
Prepare children.
Peer advice positive.
Doctor consult best.
Support acceptance.
Hygiene discussions.
9. Discuss pharmacology and prevention.
6 Marks Answer:
Effects: Therapeutic/side.
Examples: Laxative/toxicity.
Unwanted: Dry mouth.
Prevent: No OTC.
Dosage instructions.
Errors: Overdose.
Teen risks high.
Safe use education.
10. How to support adolescent changes?
6 Marks Answer:
Accept natural process.
No comparison.
Talk trusted adults.
Clinic counseling.
Hygiene education.
Myth busting.
Peer support.
2025: Apps/helplines.
Tip: Diagrams for growth flow; practice lines. Additional 30 Qs: Case scenarios, hygiene cases.
Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration
Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls for easy learning. Depth: Debates, analysis.
Adolescence Phase
Steps: 1. Puberty start, 2. Changes accelerate, 3. Maturity by 19. Ex: Hormone surge. Pitfall: Compare timing. Interlink: Life stages. Depth: Vs childhood debate.
Tip: Role-play cases. Depth: Link to myths. Examples: Peer group talks. Graphs: Timing variations. Advanced: Post-2025 inclusivity for LGBTQ+ changes. Easy: Bullets points/discussions.
Solved Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations
Expanded with evidence, calcs; focus on applications, analysis. Added BMI calc, BP reading.
Example 1: Secondary Characteristics Identification
Simple Explanation: Gender sorting.
Step 1: List changes (height, menstruation).
Step 2: Assign girls/boys/both.
Step 3: Tick table (Activity 3.1).
Step 4: Discuss variations.
Step 5: Accept uniqueness.
Simple Way: Sort like teams – girls/boys/all.
Example 2: Menarche Variation
Simple Explanation: Normal delay.
Step 1: Average 12-13 years.
Step 2: Pooja case: 13, others earlier.
Step 3: No wrong; varies.
Step 4: Advice: Wait, track.
Step 5: Hygiene prep.
Simple Way: Like fruits ripening at different times.
Example 3: Wet Dream Myth Bust
Simple Explanation: Fact check.
Step 1: Define: Semen discharge.
Step 2: Myth: Weakness from loss.
Step 3: Fact: Testes replenish.
Step 4: Naresh: Doctor confirms normal.
Step 5: Avoid quacks.
Simple Way: Like sweat – body makes more.
Example 4: BMI Calculation
Simple Explanation: Health math.
Step 1: Weight 50 kg, height 1.6 m.
Step 2: Height^2 = 2.56.
Step 3: BMI = 50/2.56 ≈ 19.5.
Step 4: Normal range.
Step 5: Track growth.
Simple Way: Weight divided by height squared = fitness score.
Example 5: Pregnancy Risk Assessment
Simple Explanation: Impact predict.
Step 1: List risks (anemia, death).
Step 2: Sangeeta: Sad, career dreams lost.
Step 3: Greater on girls (health/education).
Step 4: Prevent: Delay marriage.
Step 5: Educate families.
Simple Way: Like climbing without gear – higher fall risk.
Example 6: Tongue Exam Steps
Simple Explanation: Quick check.
Step 1: Touch roof, inspect ventral.
Step 2: Protrude for color/texture.
Step 3: Hold with gauze, check fender.
Step 4: Pink/rough normal.
Step 5: Ulcer? Doctor.
Simple Way: Mirror check – healthy tongue talks back fine.
Tip: Practice self-assess; troubleshoot (e.g., abnormal BMI). Added for hygiene, psych changes.
Interactive Quiz - Master Growth and Development during Adolescence
10 MCQs in full sentences; 80%+ goal. Covers stages, changes, hygiene, risks.
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Concise, easy-to-learn summaries for all subtopics. Structured in tables for quick scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers stages, changes, hygiene, risks, vitals. Bold key terms; short phrases for fast reading.
Subtopic
Key Points
Examples
Mnemonics/Tips
Life Stages
Prenatal: 280 days foetus.
Adolescence: 10-19 rapid changes.
Old Age: Weakening.
Smiling neonatal; height spurt.
PNIC-AO (Prenatal-Neonatal-Infancy-Childhood-Adolescence-Old). Tip: "Growing Pains At Teen Age".
Growth Spurt
Hormones: Testosterone/estrogen.
Size/structure change.
Peak 14-18 height.
Voice boys; pelvis girls.
HSM (Hormone-Skeletal-Muscular). Tip: "Hormones Spark Major Growth".
Secondary Characteristics
Girls: Breasts/menstruation.
Boys: Voice/shoulders.
Both: Height/hair.
Activity 3.1 table.
GBB (Girls-Boys-Both). Tip: "Girls Bloom, Boys Boom, Both Grow".
Hygiene & Wet Dreams
Menarche: 12-13; change 4-6 hrs.
Wet: Normal, no weakness.
Pads: Clean/dispose.
Case 3 myth; subsidized napkins.
CMW (Change-Myth-Wet). Tip: "Clean Monthly, Worry Not Wet".
Psychosocial & Pregnancy
Peers: Closeness/identity.
Risks: Anemia/education delay.
Safety net: Adults.
Activity 3.2 curiosity; Case 3.3 marriage.
PI S (Peers-Identity-Safety). Tip: "Peers Inspire, Safety Secures".
Overall Tip: Use PNIC-HSM-GBB for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Print table for wall revision. Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!
