Complete Summary and Solutions for Individual Games and Sports I – NCERT Class X Health and Physical Education, Chapter 4 – Explanation, Questions, Answers
Detailed summary and explanation of Chapter 4 'Individual Games and Sports I' from the NCERT Health and Physical Education textbook for Class X, covering distinctions between individual and team games, a comprehensive overview of track and field events including history, classifications (running, jumping, throwing), rules and regulations, and relay and hurdle races. The chapter explains events like sprints, middle and long distance runs, jumping events (high jump, long jump, triple jump), throwing events (javelin, discus, shot put), combined events (decathlon for men, heptathlon for women), along with key rules and techniques. It includes activity suggestions and past athletic world records information, with all NCERT questions, answers, and exercises for better understanding.
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Categories: NCERT, Class X, Health and Physical Education, Chapter 4, Individual Games, Sports, Track and Field, Running Events, Jumping Events, Throwing Events, Relay Races, Hurdles, Rules, Summary, Questions, Answers, Explanation
Tags: Individual Games, Track and Field, Sprints, Middle Distance, Long Distance, Relay, Hurdles, Jumps, Throws, Decathlon, Heptathlon, Olympic History, Athletics, NCERT, Class 10, Health Education, Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers, Chapter 4
Track and Field Events - Class 10 Health and Physical Education Chapter 4 Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Track and Field Events
Chapter 4: Individual Games and Sports I - Ultimate Study Guide | NCERT Class 10 Health and Physical Education Notes, Questions, Examples & Quiz 2025
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Track and Field Events Class 10 NCERT
Overview & Key Concepts
Chapter Goal: Understand individual sports, focus on track and field (running, jumping, throwing); classifications, history, rules. Exam Focus: Events table, rules (starting/running/finishing), history (776 BC Olympics), combined events (decathlon/heptathlon); 2025 Updates: Inclusivity in Para events, professional growth. Fun Fact: Marathon 42.195 km from ancient Greek legend. Core Idea: Track (running) + Field (jumps/throws) build fitness; interlinks to team sports in Ch3. Real-World: Ancient Olympics to modern WAF. Expanded: All subtopics point-wise with evidence (e.g., hurdle dimensions), examples (e.g., Fosbury Flop), debates (e.g., gender equality in events).
Wider Scope: From history to rules; sources: Tables (4.1 events), figures (starting positions, dimensions).
Expanded Content: Include modern aspects like tech in timing (FAT); point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like adaptive events.
Introduction & Classifications (4.1)
Individual vs Team: Individual (badminton, tennis); team (football, cricket). Focus: Track/field as individual.
Key Themes & Tips: Links all (e.g., rules to events). Tip: Memorize Table 4.1; debate pro vs amateur.
Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary
All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 30+ terms grouped by subtopic; added advanced like "Fosbury Flop", "Steeplechase" for depth/easy flashcards.
Track Events
Running on track for distances. Ex: 100m sprint. Relevance: Speed/endurance.
Field Events
Jumps/throws outside track. Ex: Long jump. Relevance: Power/technique.
Sprints
Short distance max speed. Ex: 100m. Relevance: Acceleration.
Decathlon
10 events for men. Ex: 100m + shot put. Relevance: All-rounder.
Heptathlon
7 events for women. Ex: Hurdles + javelin. Relevance: Versatility.
Spear throw from runway. Ex: 800g men. Relevance: Balance.
Hammer Throw
Wire ball spin. Ex: 7.26kg men. Relevance: Force.
False Start
Premature movement. Ex: DQ in sprints. Relevance: Discipline.
Foul
Rule violation. Ex: Over board in jump. Relevance: Fair play.
FAT
Fully Automatic Timing. Ex: 1/100th sec. Relevance: Accuracy.
WAF
World Athletics Federation. Ex: 200 nations. Relevance: Governance.
Para Olympics
Disabled athletes events. Ex: From 1960. Relevance: Inclusivity.
Baton Exchange
Pass in relays. Ex: 20m zone. Relevance: Team sync.
Fosbury Flop
High jump technique. Ex: Back arch. Relevance: Innovation (advanced).
Tip: Group by track/field; examples for recall. Depth: Debates (e.g., tech in vaults). Errors: Confuse dec/hept. Historical: Olympics roots. Interlinks: To Ch5 sports. Advanced: Adaptive hurdles. Real-Life: School meets. Graphs: Event timeline. Coherent: Evidence → Interpretation. For easy learning: Flashcard per term with example.
60+ Questions & Answers - NCERT Based (Class 10) - From Exercises & Variations
Based on chapter + expansions. Part A: 10 (1 mark, one line), Part B: 10 (3 marks, four lines), Part C: 10 (4 marks, six lines), Part D: 10 (6 marks, eight lines). Answers point-wise in black text. Adapted from assessment.
Part A: 1 Mark Questions (10 Qs - Short)
1. What are track events?
1 Mark Answer:
Running on track.
2. Name a short distance event.
1 Mark Answer:
100m sprint.
3. What is decathlon?
1 Mark Answer:
10 events for men.
4. When did modern Olympics start?
1 Mark Answer:
1896.
5. What is marathon distance?
1 Mark Answer:
42.195 km.
6. Name a throwing event.
1 Mark Answer:
Javelin.
7. What is false start?
1 Mark Answer:
Disqualification.
8. Who started modern Olympics?
1 Mark Answer:
Pierre de Coubertin.
9. What is Fosbury Flop?
1 Mark Answer:
High jump technique.
10. Name a relay event.
1 Mark Answer:
4x100m.
Part B: 3 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium, Exactly 4 Lines Each)
1. List short distance events.
3 Marks Answer:
100m, 200m, 400m.
110m hurdles (men).
100m hurdles (women).
Relays included.
2. Explain starting rules.
3 Marks Answer:
5cm white line.
Blocks for sprints.
"On marks/set".
False start DQ.
3. Describe long jump.
3 Marks Answer:
Run to 20cm board.
Land in sand pit.
Foul if over board.
Measure to nearest mark.
4. What is steeplechase?
3 Marks Answer:
3000m with hurdles.
28 hurdles +7 water.
Endurance focus.
Pacing key.
5. List decathlon events.
3 Marks Answer:
100m, shot put, high jump.
400m, 110m hurdles.
Discus, pole vault, javelin.
1500m.
6. Explain relay rules.
3 Marks Answer:
20m baton zone.
Lane for 4x100m.
DQ if drop/obstruct.
Staggered for 4x400m.
7. Describe shot put.
3 Marks Answer:
7.26kg men/4kg women.
2.135m circle.
Push from shoulder.
No behind back.
8. What is high jump tie-breaker?
3 Marks Answer:
Fewer misses.
Lower starting height.
Best second jump.
Extra jumps if tied.
9. Explain finishing rules.
3 Marks Answer:
5cm white line.
Torso breaks plane.
FAT for accuracy.
1/100th sec manual.
10. Name Olympic ring colors.
3 Marks Answer:
Blue, yellow, black.
Red, green.
Symbolize continents.
Unity in diversity.
Part C: 4 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Medium-Long, Exactly 6 Lines Each)
1. Classify track events.
4 Marks Answer:
Short: 100-400m, hurdles.
Middle: 800-1500m.
Long: 5000-10000m, steeple.
Relays: 4x100/400m.
Walk: 20/50km.
Marathon: 42km.
2. Describe history briefly.
4 Marks Answer:
776 BC ancient Olympics.
1896 modern by Coubertin.
Women 1928.
Para 1960.
Pro from 1990s.
WAF governs.
3. Explain hurdles dimensions.
4 Marks Answer:
Men 110m: 1.067m height.
13.72m to first.
9.14m between.
Women 100m: 0.838m.
13m to first.
8.5m between.
4. Describe triple jump.
4 Marks Answer:
Hop-step-jump sequence.
Runway to board.
Land in sand.
Measure like long jump.
Rhythm key.
6 attempts top 8.
5. List heptathlon events.
4 Marks Answer:
100m hurdles.
High jump.
Shot put.
200m.
Long jump.
Javelin throw.
800m.
6. Explain field rules fouls.
4 Marks Answer:
Over line/arc = foul.
Land outside sector.
3 fails in vertical jumps.
Measure from closest mark.
Tape for records.
Extra for top 8.
7. Describe discus throw.
4 Marks Answer:
2.5m circle.
2kg men/1kg women.
1.5 spin turns.
Leave rear half.
Foul if feet leave early.
Max distance wins.
8. What are Para Olympics for?
4 Marks Answer:
Disabled athletes.
First 1960.
Track/field events.
Equal status.
Inclusivity growth.
2025 expansions.
9. Explain running rules.
4 Marks Answer:
Stay in lanes.
No track step out.
No obstruction.
Break line merge.
Voluntary leave DQ.
Inner curve no.
10. Describe pole vault.
4 Marks Answer:
Run with pole.
Plant in box.
Clear bar feet first.
Touch ok if no fall.
3 trials per height.
Like high jump rules.
Part D: 6 Marks Questions (10 Qs - Long, Exactly 8 Lines Each)
1. Discuss track and field classification.
6 Marks Answer:
Track: Running categories.
Short/middle/long.
Relays/hurdles.
Field: Throws/jumps.
Combined: Dec/hept.
Table 4.1 evidence.
Builds fitness.
2025 adaptive.
2. Elaborate history with timeline.
6 Marks Answer:
776 BC: Ancient start.
1896: Modern Greece.
1920s: Men only.
1928: Women intro.
1960: Para.
1990s: Pro.
WAF 200 nations.
Olympics quadrennial.
3. Explain all track rules.
6 Marks Answer:
Starting: Blocks, commands.
Running: Lanes, no foul.
Finishing: Torso, FAT.
False start DQ.
Obstruction DQ.
Curved starts equal.
IAAF formulated.
Applies international.
4. Describe jumping events.
6 Marks Answer:
Long: Board to pit.
Triple: Hop-step-jump.
High: Bar clear, Flop.
Pole: Vault assist.
3 trials, top 8 extra.
Fouls over line.
Measure distance/height.
Ties by misses.
5. Analyze throwing events.
6 Marks Answer:
Shot: Push circle.
Discus: Spin release.
Javelin: Runway throw.
Hammer: Wire spin.
Weights/sizes vary.
Sector landing.
Foul if early leave.
Max distance wins.
6. Discuss relay and hurdles.
6 Marks Answer:
Relay: Baton 20m.
Lane rules vary.
Hurdles: Fixed intervals.
Heights/distance tables.
No slow down key.
Steeple water jumps.
Team DQ possible.
Timing crucial.
7. Explain combined events.
6 Marks Answer:
Dec: 10 track/field.
Hept: 7 similar.
Day 1/2 split.
Points system.
All-round test.
Olympic feature.
Endurance + power.
2025 gender parity.
8. Describe field rules in detail.
6 Marks Answer:
Individual attempts.
Horizontal: Line start.
Vertical: Bar heights.
Passes allowed.
3 fails eliminate.
Records taped.
Top 8 extra throws.
Ties by jumps.
9. How do events aid performance?
6 Marks Answer:
Build speed/endurance.
Improve strength.
Enhance agility.
Team coordination.
Fitness overall.
Mental discipline.
Historical motivation.
School/olympic prep.
10. Discuss world records examples.
6 Marks Answer:
Men 100m: 9.58s Bolt.
Women 100m: 10.49s Joyner.
Long jump: 8.95m Powell.
Shot put: 23.12m Barnes.
As of 2019.
Inspire athletes.
Updates ongoing.
Global benchmarks.
Tip: Diagrams for rules; practice lines. Additional 30 Qs: Event scenarios, rule cases.
Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration
Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls for easy learning. Depth: Debates, analysis.
Timeline of track/field; expanded with points; links to ancient/modern/debates. Added Olympic evolutions, Para milestones.
Ancient (776 BC)
Running/jumping/throwing basics.
First Olympics Greece.
Depth: Universal activities.
Modern Start (1896)
Coubertin revives.
Men only initially.
Depth: Panathenaic track.
Women Inclusion (1928)
5 events added.
Gradual equality.
Depth: 20th century progress.
Para Beginnings (1960)
First Summer Para.
Disabled track/field.
Depth: Inclusivity push.
Professional Era (1990s+)
IAAF pro 1997.
WAF global.
Depth: Olympics every 4 years.
Milestones
Marathon legend.
Fosbury 1968.
Depth: Technique shifts.
Tip: Link to rings symbolism. Depth: Timeline reflexive. Examples: Bolt records. Graphs: Event addition chart. Advanced: Post-2025 tech. Easy: Bullets impacts.
Solved Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations
Expanded with evidence, calcs; focus on applications, analysis. Added rule applications, technique breakdowns.
Example 1: Sprint Start Calculation
Simple Explanation: Reaction time.
Step 1: Crouch on blocks.
Step 2: "Set" lean forward.
Step 3: Gun fires, explode.
Step 4: <0.1s reaction = false.
Step 5: Lane maintain.
Simple Way: Gun to go burst.
Example 2: Hurdle Spacing
Simple Explanation: Distance math.
Step 1: 110m men: 13.72m first.
Step 2: 9x 9.14m hurdles.
Step 3: 14.02m last to finish.
Step 4: Total = 110m.
Step 5: Height 1.067m.
Simple Way: Hurdle hop chain.
Example 3: Long Jump Foul
Simple Explanation: Measure avoid.
Step 1: Run to board.
Step 2: Takeoff behind line.
Step 3: Land sand, mark nearest.
Step 4: Over board = no score.
Step 5: 6 jumps max.
Simple Way: Board toe tap.
Example 4: Relay Baton Pass
Simple Explanation: Zone sync.
Step 1: Enter 20m zone.
Step 2: Visual handover.
Step 3: Accelerate out.
Step 4: Drop = DQ.
Step 5: Lane for 4x100.
Simple Way: Touch-run tag.
Example 5: High Jump Tie
Simple Explanation: Break method.
Step 1: Same height clear.
Step 2: Fewer misses wins.
Step 3: Lower start height.
Step 4: Best secondary.
Step 5: Extra jumps.
Simple Way: Miss less impress.
Example 6: Javelin Throw Balance
Simple Explanation: End form.
Step 1: Grip + run.
Step 2: Overhand release.
Step 3: No back to target.
Step 4: Balance post-throw.
Step 5: Leave behind arc.
Simple Way: Spear steady send.
Tip: Practice self-assess; troubleshoot (e.g., foul high). Added for rules, history.
Interactive Quiz - Master Track and Field Events
10 MCQs in full sentences; 80%+ goal. Covers events, rules, history.
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Concise, easy-to-learn summaries for all subtopics. Structured in tables for quick scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers classifications, history, rules, events. Bold key terms; short phrases for fast reading.
ACWP (Ancient-Coubertin-Women-Para). Tip: "Old Games New Fame".
Track Rules
Start: Blocks/false DQ.
Run: Lanes/no obstruct.
Finish: Torso/FAT.
5cm line; 20m baton.
SRF (Start-Run-Finish). Tip: "Blocks to Burst, Lanes to Line".
Field Events
Jumps: Long/triple/high/pole.
Throws: Shot/discus/javelin/hammer.
3 trials, fouls.
Flop technique; 7.26kg shot.
LTHP SDJH (Long-Triple-High-Pole; Shot-Discus-Javelin-Hammer). Tip: "Leap High, Throw Far".
Hurdles/Relays
Hurdles: Heights/intervals.
Relays: Baton zone.
Steeple water.
110m men; 4x400m.
HR S (Hurdle-Relay-Steeple). Tip: "Hop Barriers, Hand Baton".
Field Rules
Fouls: Over line/sector.
Ties: Misses/start height.
Extra top 8.
Bar no knock; tape measure.
FTE (Foul-Tie-Extra). Tip: "Line Cross Loss".
Records/Benefits
Records: Bolt 9.58s.
Benefits: Fitness/speed.
Marathon endurance.
RB (Records-Benefits). Tip: "Fast Facts Fit Body".
Overall Tip: Use SHMR JTH SRF for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Print table for wall revision. Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!
