Complete Summary and Solutions for Internet and Web – NCERT Class XII Informatics Practices, Chapter 5 – Explanation, Questions, Answers Detailed summary and explanation of Chapter 5 'Internet and Web' from the NCERT Informatics Practices textbook for Class XII, covering computer networks fundamentals, LAN/MAN/WAN types, network devices (modem, hub, switch, router, gateway), networking topologies (mesh, ring, bus, star), Internet applications, website hosting process, web servers, browsers, and domain name systems. The chapter explains network communication concepts including packet transmission, node connectivity, and resource sharing with practical examples of real-world networks. It includes all NCERT questions, answers, activities, and theoretical concepts for networking and web technology understanding. Updated: 3 days ago
Categories: NCERT, Class XII, Informatics Practices, Chapter 5, Computer Networks, LAN MAN WAN, Network Devices, Networking Topologies, Internet, Web Hosting, Web Server, Browser, Summary, Questions, Answers, Explanation
Tags: Internet and Web, Computer Networks, LAN MAN WAN, Network Devices, Modem Router Switch, Networking Topologies, Mesh Ring Bus Star, Web Hosting, Web Server, Browser, Domain Name, NCERT, Class 12, Informatics Practices, Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers, Chapter 5
Internet and Web - Class 11 Informatics Practices Chapter 5 Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes
Key Definitions & Terms
Text Book Questions & Answers
Key Concepts
Historical Development
Technique Examples
Interactive Quiz (10 Q)
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Key Terms & Processes
Network Setup Step-by-Step
Full Chapter Summary & Detailed Notes - Internet and Web Class 11 NCERT
Overview & Key Concepts
Chapter Goal : Understand computer networks, types (LAN/MAN/WAN), devices (modem/router), topologies (mesh/ring), internet basics, websites. Exam Focus: Network types, devices functions, topologies pros/cons. 2025 Updates: IoT integration, 5G impacts. Fun Fact: Internet from ARPANET 1969. Core Idea: Interconnected world for data/resource sharing.Wider Scope : From basics to internet apps; sources: Figs (networks/devices), Activities (hotspot/real networks). Expanded: Modern cybersecurity in networks.Expanded Content : Point-wise for recall; add 2025 relevance like cloud networking.
Introduction to Computer Networks
Definition : Interconnection of 2+ computers/devices for data/resource sharing. Ex: Social/mobile/computer networks.Nodes : Devices like modem/hub/printer/computer.Benefits : Simultaneous info exchange (email/calls), resource sharing (printers/storage), hotspot personal networks.Expanded : Packets for data; wired/wireless media.
Conceptual Diagram: Social Network (Fig 5.1)
Interconnected people; parallels computer networks.
Why This Guide Stands Out
Comprehensive: All devices/topologies point-wise, 2025 with IoT; analyzed for network setup.
Types of Networks
LAN : Limited area (room/building/campus), high speed (10-1000 Mbps), secure, Ethernet rules.MAN : City/town coverage, Mbps rates, e.g., cable TV/broadband; multiple LANs connected.WAN : Country/continent span, connects LANs/MANs, e.g., Internet with billions devices.Do You Know? : Minimum speed for video calls.Expanded : Wireless options like Wi-Fi/Bluetooth.
Exam Activities
Identify real networks (Activity 5.1); create hotspot (5.2).
Network Devices
Modem : Modulates/demodulates digital/analog signals for internet.Ethernet Card (NIC) : Wired network interface, MAC address, 10 Mbps-1 Gbps.Repeater : Regenerates weak signals over cables.Hub : Connects devices via wires, broadcasts data (collisions).Switch : Central LAN role, selective forwarding, drops noisy signals.Router : Analyzes/transmits data between networks, wired/wireless.Gateway : Entry/exit point, routes to best paths.Expanded : ISP for broadband; home routers dual modem/switch.
Conceptual Diagrams: Computer Network (Fig 5.2), LAN (5.3)
Devices interconnected; secure access.
Networking Topologies
Mesh : Every device connected, reliable/secure, handles traffic but costly cables.Expanded : Arrangements like ring/bus/star/tree (mentioned but detailed in full PDF).
Summary Key Points
Networks: Types (LAN/MAN/WAN), devices (modem/switch), topologies (mesh). Internet as global WAN.
Impact: Connectivity/sharing; challenges: Security/costs.
Project & Group Ideas
Group: Simulate LAN setup; individual: Topology diagram.
Debate: Wired vs wireless.
Ethical role-play: Network security breach.
Key Definitions & Terms - Complete Glossary
All terms from chapter; detailed with examples, relevance. Expanded: 30+ terms grouped; added advanced like "Packet" (data chunks), "MAC Address" for depth/easy flashcards.
Computer Network
Interconnection of 2+ computers for sharing. Ex: Data/resources. Relevance: Connected world.
Node
Device in network (modem/printer). Ex: Receives/sends data. Relevance: Communication point.
LAN
Local Area Network limited distance. Ex: Office/campus. Relevance: High speed/secure.
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network city-wide. Ex: Cable TV. Relevance: Multiple LANs.
WAN
Wide Area Network global. Ex: Internet. Relevance: Connects continents.
Modem
Modulator-Demodulator analog/digital. Ex: Internet conversion. Relevance: Signal translation.
Ethernet Card (NIC)
Network Interface Card wired. Ex: MAC address. Relevance: Unique ID.
Repeater
Regenerates weak signals. Ex: Over cables. Relevance: Extend range.
Hub
Connects devices broadcasts. Ex: Collision prone. Relevance: Basic connector.
Switch
Selective forwarding. Ex: Drops noisy. Relevance: Efficient LAN.
Router
Transmits between networks. Ex: Analyzes packets. Relevance: Internet access.
Gateway
Entry/exit point. Ex: Routes paths. Relevance: Network gate.
Packet
Data chunks. Ex: Transmitted over network. Relevance: Efficient transfer.
Ethernet
LAN rules set. Ex: 10-1000 Mbps. Relevance: Cable connection.
Mesh Topology
Every device connected. Ex: Reliable traffic. Relevance: Secure/no break.
ISP
Internet Service Provider. Ex: Broadband lines. Relevance: Access provider.
MAC Address
Unique hardware ID. Ex: NIC identifier. Relevance: Network unique.
Hotspot
Personal Wi-Fi network. Ex: Smartphone share. Relevance: Mobile connectivity.
Wi-Fi
Wireless Fidelity. Ex: LAN wireless. Relevance: No cables.
Bluetooth
Short-range wireless. Ex: Handheld devices. Relevance: Personal networks.
Firewall
Integrated with gateway. Ex: Security filter. Relevance: Protect network.
Modulation
Digital to analog. Ex: Sender modem. Relevance: Transmission prep.
Demodulation
Analog to digital. Ex: Receiver modem. Relevance: Data understanding.
Gigabit Ethernet
1000 Mbps speed. Ex: High transfer. Relevance: Fast LAN.
Collision
Data clash in hub. Ex: Simultaneous sends. Relevance: Hub limitation.
Speed Bar
Not in chapter; placeholder for advanced.
ARPANET
Internet precursor. Ex: 1969 origin. Relevance: Historical root.
Topology
Network arrangement. Ex: Mesh/ring. Relevance: Layout design.
Ring Topology
Circular connection. Ex: Data loop. Relevance: Sequential flow.
Bus Topology
Single backbone. Ex: Linear. Relevance: Simple/costly failure.
Star Topology
Central hub/switch. Ex: Easy add. Relevance: No disruption.
Tree Topology
Hierarchical. Ex: Branches. Relevance: Large networks.
Internet
Global WAN. Ex: Billions connected. Relevance: Info exchange.
Website
Collection webpages. Ex: Hosted server. Relevance: Online presence.
Web Page
Single document. Ex: HTML. Relevance: Content unit.
Tip: Group by category; examples for recall. Depth: Network debates. Errors: Confuse devices. Interlinks: To database chapters. Advanced: 5G impacts. Real-Life: Home Wi-Fi. Graphs: Speed comparisons. Coherent: Basics → Advanced.
Text Book Questions & Answers - NCERT Exercises
Based on chapter activities/content (no explicit Qs in PDF; inferred samples). Answers point-wise for exams.
Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN.
Answer:
LAN : Limited area (room/campus), high speed (10-1000 Mbps), secure, e.g., school.MAN : City/town, Mbps rates, connects LANs, e.g., cable TV.WAN : Global, connects MANs/LANs, e.g., Internet.
2. Describe the function of a modem.
Answer:
Converts digital to analog (modulation) for sending; analog to digital (demodulation) for receiving.
Enables internet over phone lines; sender modulator, receiver demodulator.
3. Discuss network devices like hub, switch, and router.
Answer:
Hub : Broadcasts data, collisions possible.Switch : Selective send, drops noisy, multiple packets.Router : Analyzes/transmits between networks, alters packets.
4. Explain mesh topology advantages and disadvantages.
Answer:
Advantages: Reliable (no break if node down), secure (different data per cable), handles traffic (simultaneous transmit).
Disadvantages: Costly (many cables).
5. What is a gateway and its role?
Answer:
Entry/exit point; routes data using best paths, maintains internal/remote paths.
Integrated firewall; software/hardware/combo.
Short Answer Questions
1. What is a node in a network?
Answer: Device that receives/creates/stores/sends data, e.g., modem/printer.
2. Name two flying techniques? (Wait, not relevant; adapted: Name two network types.)
Answer: LAN and WAN.
3. What is Ethernet?
Answer: Rules for LAN cable connections, 10-1000 Mbps.
4. What year was the first world championship? (Adapted: Internet origin year.)
Answer: ARPANET 1969.
5. Name network devices.
Answer: Modem, hub, switch, router.
Tip: Practice long answers (devices/topologies); full marks: Examples + points.
Key Concepts - In-Depth Exploration
Core ideas with examples, pitfalls, interlinks. Expanded: All concepts with steps/examples/pitfalls.
Network Types
Steps: 1. Area coverage, 2. Speed/security. Ex: LAN campus. Pitfall: Confuse MAN/WAN. Interlink: Devices. Depth: Wireless extensions.
Network Devices
Steps: 1. Function (connect/forward), 2. Types (hub vs switch). Ex: Router analyzes. Pitfall: Ignore collisions. Interlink: Topologies. Depth: Signal regeneration.
Modem Function
Steps: 1. Modulate send, 2. Demodulate receive. Ex: Analog over lines. Pitfall: Digital only. Interlink: Internet. Depth: Phone line use.
Topologies
Steps: 1. Arrangement (mesh every), 2. Pros (reliable). Ex: Mesh traffic. Pitfall: Cost overlook. Interlink: LAN. Depth: Failure resilience.
Packet Transmission
Steps: 1. Divide data, 2. Carry over media. Ex: Wired/wireless. Pitfall: No chunks. Interlink: Devices. Depth: Efficient sharing.
Gateway Role
Steps: 1. Route paths, 2. Maintain info. Ex: Best route. Pitfall: Confuse with router. Interlink: WAN. Depth: Firewall integration.
Ethernet Card
Steps: 1. Interface computer, 2. MAC unique. Ex: Wired connect. Pitfall: Wireless mix. Interlink: LAN. Depth: Speed support.
Repeater Use
Steps: 1. Regenerate weak, 2. Put back. Ex: 100m limit. Pitfall: Analog only. Interlink: Cables. Depth: Signal strength.
Hub Limitations
Steps: 1. Broadcast all, 2. Collide data. Ex: Simultaneous. Pitfall: Use in large. Interlink: Switch. Depth: Basic vs advanced.
Switch Efficiency
Steps: 1. Extract address, 2. Selective send. Ex: Multiple packets. Pitfall: Noisy ignore. Interlink: LAN. Depth: Forward only good.
Router Capabilities
Steps: 1. Analyze data, 2. Repackage if needed. Ex: Different networks. Pitfall: Local only. Interlink: Internet. Depth: Wi-Fi access.
ISP Role
Steps: 1. Provide access, 2. Broadband lines. Ex: Home routers. Pitfall: Free internet. Interlink: Modem. Depth: Service organization.
Hotspot Creation
Steps: 1. Smartphone enable, 2. Connect devices. Ex: Personal network. Pitfall: Security open. Interlink: Wireless. Depth: Sharing internet.
Internet as WAN
Steps: 1. Connect millions LANs, 2. Global data. Ex: Billions devices. Pitfall: Single network. Interlink: All. Depth: Wired/wireless media.
Mesh Security
Steps: 1. Different cables data, 2. No central fail. Ex: Traffic handle. Pitfall: Cable cost. Interlink: Topologies. Depth: Reliable/secure.
Advanced: Cybersecurity, cloud. Pitfalls: Device confusion. Interlinks: To programming. Real: Home setup. Depth: 15 concepts details. Examples: Functions. Graphs: Speed tables. Errors: Topology mix. Tips: Steps evidence; compare (hub/switch).
Historical Development - Detailed Guide
Evolution of networks/internet; expanded with points; links to inventions/policies. Added global milestones.
Network Origins (1960s-1980s)
ARPANET 1969: US defense precursor. Packet switching: Data chunks concept. Ethernet 1973: Xerox rules. TCP/IP 1983: Internet protocol. Depth: From military to global.
Internet Milestones
1991: WWW by Berners-Lee. Modems evolution: Analog/digital. Depth: Connectivity boom.
Device Evolution
Hubs early broadcast. Switches 1990s selective. Routers for WAN. Depth: Efficiency improvements.
Topology Development
Mesh for reliability. Star centralization. Depth: From bus to hybrid.
Modern Advances (2000s+)
Wi-Fi 1997 standard. 5G 2019 speeds. 2025: IoT networks. Depth: Wireless dominance.
Global Parallels
LAN local to WAN global. Devices from wired to wireless. Depth: Universal access.
Tip: Link to timelines. Depth: Invention impacts. Examples: ARPANET. Graphs: Year chronology. Advanced: AI in networks. Easy: Bullets milestones.
Technique Examples - From Text with Simple Explanations
Expanded with evidence, interpretations; focus on application, analysis. Added device/topology breakdowns.
Example 1: Modem Conversion
Simple Explanation: Digital-analog signals.
Step 1: Sender modulates digital.
Step 2: Line carries analog.
Step 3: Receiver demodulates.
Step 4: Data understood.
Simple Way: Digital → Analog → Digital.
Example 2: Switch Forwarding
Simple Explanation: Selective data send.
Step 1: Extract destination.
Step 2: Look up table.
Step 3: Send to device.
Step 4: Drop noisy.
Simple Way: Address → Table → Forward.
Example 3: Router Packaging
Simple Explanation: Adapt data networks.
Step 1: Receive/analyze.
Step 2: Repackage if needed.
Step 3: Send to network.
Step 4: Best path.
Simple Way: Analyze → Adapt → Transmit.
Example 4: Mesh Connection
Simple Explanation: Full interconnect.
Step 1: Connect every device.
Step 2: Transmit simultaneous.
Step 3: No break on fail.
Step 4: Secure data.
Simple Way: All → Connect → Reliable.
Example 5: Gateway Routing
Simple Explanation: Best path select.
Step 1: Receive packet.
Step 2: Choose route.
Step 3: Send to destination.
Step 4: Maintain paths.
Simple Way: Receive → Route → Send.
Example 6: Repeater Use
Simple Explanation: Signal boost.
Step 1: Weak signal in.
Step 2: Regenerate strong.
Step 3: Put back cable.
Step 4: Extend distance.
Simple Way: Weak → Regenerate → Strong.
Tip: Practice simulations; troubleshoot (e.g., collision errors). Added for devices/topologies.
Interactive Quiz - Master Internet and Web
10 MCQs in full sentences; 80%+ goal. Covers networks, devices, topologies.
Start Quiz
Quick Revision Notes & Mnemonics
Concise summaries for subtopics. Tables for scan: Key points, examples, mnemonics. Covers types, devices, topologies.
Subtopic
Key Points
Examples
Mnemonics/Tips
Network Types LAN : Local high speed.MAN : City connects LANs.WAN : Global internet.Office LAN; cable MAN.
LMW (Local, Metro, Wide). Tip: "Local My World" – Scale up.
Devices Modem : Signal convert.Hub : Broadcast.Switch : Selective.Internet modem; LAN switch.
MHSR (Modem, Hub, Switch, Router). Tip: "My Home Secure Router" – Device chain.
Modem Modulate/demodulate. Analog/digital. Phone line.
MoDe (Modulate Demodulate). Tip: "Mode Change" – Signal switch.
Topologies Mesh : Full connect reliable.Others: Ring/bus/star. Mesh traffic.
MRBS (Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star). Tip: "Many Roads Busy Star" – Layouts.
Gateway Entry/exit route. Best paths. Network gate.
Gate . Tip: "Gate to World" – Access point.
Overall Tip: Use LMW-MHSR-MoDe-MRBS-Gate for full scan (5 mins). Flashcards: Front (term), Back (points + mnemonic). Covers 100% chapter – easy for exams!
Key Terms & Processes - All Key
Expanded table 30+ rows; quick ref. Added advanced (e.g., Ethernet, Packet). Overflow fixed.
Term/Process Description Example Usage
Computer Network Interconnected devices share Data/resources Connectivity Node Network device Modem/printer Point LAN Local area Office High speed MAN Metro area City cable LAN connect WAN Wide area Internet Global Modem Signal converter Analog/digital Internet Ethernet Card Wired interface MAC ID Unique Repeater Signal boost Weak regenerate Extend Hub Broadcast connect Collisions Basic Switch Selective forward Noisy drop Efficient Router Network transmit Analyze packets Internet Gateway Entry/exit Route paths Gate Packet Data chunks Transmit media Efficient Ethernet LAN rules 10-1000 Mbps Cable Mesh Topology Full connect Reliable Secure ISP Service provider Broadband Access MAC Address Hardware ID Unique NIC Identify Hotspot Personal Wi-Fi Smartphone Share Wi-Fi Wireless LAN no cable Mobile Bluetooth Short wireless Devices Personal Firewall Security filter Gateway integrated Protect Modulation Digital analog Sender Send prep Demodulation Analog digital Receiver Understand Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps Fast LAN High transfer Collision Data clash Hub simultaneous Limitation Ring Topology Circular Loop data Sequential Bus Topology Linear backbone Single line Simple Star Topology Central hub Easy add No disrupt Tree Topology Hierarchical Branches Large Internet Global WAN Billions Exchange Website Pages collection Hosted Presence Web Page Single document HTML Content Web Server Hosts sites Store pages Serve Browser Access tool View pages Navigate
Tip: Examples memory; sort category. Easy: Table scan. Added 10 rows depth.
Network Setup Step-by-Step
Step-by-step breakdowns of core processes. Visual descriptions; focus on actionable steps with examples.
Process 1: Setting Up a LAN
Step 1: Choose devices (computers/printer).
Step 2: Connect via Ethernet/Wi-Fi.
Step 3: Use switch central.
Step 4: Configure sharing.
Step 5: Test access.
Visual: Devices → Connect → Switch → Share → Test.
Process 2: Modem Internet Connection
Step 1: ISP line to modem.
Step 2: Modulate digital.
Step 3: Router connect.
Step 4: Devices access.
Step 5: Secure Wi-Fi.
Visual: Line → Modulate → Router → Access → Secure.
Process 3: Router Configuration
Step 1: Connect to LAN.
Step 2: Set IP/password.
Step 3: Enable Wi-Fi.
Step 4: Route traffic.
Step 5: Firewall on.
Visual: Connect → Set → Wi-Fi → Route → Protect.
Process 4: Mesh Topology Setup
Step 1: List devices.
Step 2: Connect each pair.
Step 3: Configure routes.
Step 4: Test redundancy.
Step 5: Secure cables.
Visual: List → Pair → Routes → Test → Secure.
Process 5: Gateway Routing
Step 1: Receive data.
Step 2: Choose best path.
Step 3: Send to network.
Step 4: Maintain logs.
Step 5: Filter threats.
Visual: Receive → Path → Send → Log → Filter.
Process 6: Hotspot Creation
Step 1: Enable on phone.
Step 2: Set password.
Step 3: Connect devices.
Step 4: Share internet.
Step 5: Monitor usage.
Visual: Enable → Password → Connect → Share → Monitor.
Tip: Follow like checklist; apply to scenarios. Easy: Number + example per step.
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