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'Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom' is an inspiring chapter in the NCERT Class 10 book 'First Flight'. It covers the life of Nelson Mandela and his fight against apartheid in South Africa. This chapter highlights Mandela’s historic inauguration as the first black President of South Africa, his struggles, sacrifices, and the lessons of humanity, justice, and freedom.
Nelson Mandela describes the inauguration day, May 10, 1994, as the beginning of a new era in South Africa’s history, marking the end of apartheid and the start of a non-racial democracy. Mandela, who spent over 30 years in prison for fighting against racial segregation, shares how the day was not just a personal victory, but a triumph for the entire nation. The chapter reflects on his journey of transforming from a freedom fighter to a statesman, emphasizing his belief that no one is born hating others based on race or religion, but can be taught to love. Mandela acknowledges the sacrifices made by countless individuals in the fight for freedom and outlines the challenges that remain in building a just and equal society.
"नेल्सन मंडेला: लॉन्ग वॉक टू फ्रीडम" अध्याय नेल्सन मंडेला की जीवन यात्रा पर आधारित है, जिसमें वे रंगभेद के खिलाफ संघर्ष करते हैं और दक्षिण अफ्रीका के पहले अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति बनते हैं। मंडेला बताते हैं कि किस तरह उन्होंने देश की स्वतंत्रता के लिए अपने जीवन के 27 साल जेल में बिताए। यह अध्याय स्वतंत्रता, समानता, और मानव अधिकारों की महत्ता को उजागर करता है।
"ನೇಲ್ಸನ್ ಮಂಡೇಲಾ: ಲಾಂಗ್ ವಾಕ್ ಟು ಫ್ರೀಡಂ" ಅಧ್ಯಾಯವು ನೇಲ್ಸನ್ ಮಂಡೇಲಾ ಅವರ ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಪಾರ್ಟೈಡ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ಹೋರಾಟವನ್ನು ದಾಖಲಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವರು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾದ ಮೊದಲ ಕಪ್ಪು ಜನಾಂಗದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪತಿಯಾಗುವ ಮೊದಲು 27 ವರ್ಷಗಳನ್ನು ಜೈಲಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಳೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇದು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ, ಸಮಾನತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾನವ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ಮಹತ್ವವನ್ನು ತಲುಪಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
"ନେଲସନ୍ ମାଣ୍ଡେଲା: ଲଙ୍ଗ ୱାକ୍ ଟୁ ଫ୍ରିଡମ୍" ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି ନେଲସନ୍ ମାଣ୍ଡେଲାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଅଟେ, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ସେ ରଙ୍ଗଭେଦ ନିବାରଣ ପାଇଁ ଲଢ଼ନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଆଫ୍ରିକାର ପ୍ରଥମ ଅଶ୍ୱେତ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି ହେବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆପଣଙ୍କ 27 ବର୍ଷ କାରାଗାରରେ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥିଲେ। ଏହା ସ୍ୱାତନ୍ତ୍ର୍ଯ, ସମାନତା ଏବଂ ମାନବ ଅଧିକାରର ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱ କୁ ବୁଝାଏ।
"ਨੈਲਸਨ ਮੰਡੇਲਾ: ਲਾਂਗ ਵਾਕ ਟੂ ਫ੍ਰੀਡਮ" ਦਾ ਅਧਿਆਇ ਨੈਲਸਨ ਮੰਡੇਲਾ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਅਫਰੀਕੀ ਰੰਗਭੇਦ ਦੇ ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼ ਲੜਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਫਰੀਕਾ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਕਾਲੇ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਬਣਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਅਧਿਆਇ ਸਵਤੰਤਰਤਾ, ਸਦਭਾਵਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਹੱਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਹੱਤਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਉਜਾਗਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।
"নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা: লং ওয়াক টু ফ্রিডম" অধ্যায়টি নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলার জীবন নিয়ে লেখা হয়েছে, যেখানে তিনি বর্ণবৈষম্যের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করেন এবং দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার প্রথম কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ রাষ্ট্রপতি হন। এই অধ্যায়টি স্বাধীনতা, সমতা এবং মানবাধিকারের গুরুত্বকে প্রতিফলিত করে।
"நெல்சன் மண்டேலா: லாங் வாக் டு ஃப்ரீடம்" என்ற பாடம் நெல்சன் மண்டேலாவின் வாழ்க்கைப் பயணத்தை விவரிக்கிறது. அவர் தென்னாப்பிரிக்காவின் முதல் கருப்பினச் சார்ந்த ஜனாதிபதியாக உயர்வதற்கு முன்னர் 27 ஆண்டுகள் சிறையில் இருந்தார். இந்தப் பாடம் சுதந்திரம், சமநிலை மற்றும் மனித உரிமைகளின் முக்கியத்துவத்தை விளக்குகிறது.
"నెల్సన్ మండేలా: లాంగ్ వాక్ టు ఫ్రీడమ్" పాఠం నెల్సన్ మండేలా జీవిత గమనాన్ని వివరిస్తుంది, ఆయన తెల్లవాళ్ల రక్షణకు వ్యతిరేకంగా పోరాడి, దక్షిణాఫ్రికా యొక్క మొదటి నల్లజాతి అధ్యక్షుడిగా ఎదుగుతారు. ఈ పాఠం స్వేచ్ఛ, సమానత్వం, మరియు మానవ హక్కుల ప్రధానతను ప్రతిబింబిస్తుంది.
"നെൽസൺ മണ്ടേല: ലോങ് വാക്ക് ടു ഫ്രീഡം" അദ്ധ്യായം നെൽസൺ മണ്ടേലയുടെ ജീവിതത്തെ ആധാരമാക്കി എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. 27 വർഷം തടവിൽ കഴിഞ്ഞ മണ്ടേല, ദക്ഷിണാഫ്രിക്കയുടെ ആദ്യ കറുത്ത വർഗ്ഗജനാധിപത്യ പ്രസിഡന്റായി തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. ഈ പാഠം സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തിന്റെ, സമത്വത്തിന്റെ, മാനവാവകാശങ്ങളുടെ പ്രസക്തിയെ പ്രതിപാദിക്കുന്നു.
"નેલ્સન મંડેલા: લોંગ વોક ટુ ફ્રિડમ" અધ્યાય નેલ્સન મંડેલાના જીવનપ્રવાહને વર્ણવે છે, જેમાં તેઓ રંગભેદ સામે લડીને દક્ષિણ આફ્રિકાના પહેલા કાળા રાષ્ટ્રપતિ બન્યા હતા. આ અધ્યાય સ્વતંત્રતા, સમાનતા, અને માનવ અધિકારના મહત્ત્વને દર્શાવે છે.
"नेल्सन मंडेला: लॉन्ग वॉक टू फ्रीडम" हा धडा नेल्सन मंडेलांच्या जीवनावर आधारित आहे. त्यांनी वर्णद्वेषाच्या विरोधात २७ वर्षं तुरुंगात घालवल्यानंतर दक्षिण आफ्रिकेचे पहिले कृष्णवर्णीय राष्ट्राध्यक्ष बनले. हा धडा स्वतंत्रता, समानता, आणि मानवी हक्कांची महत्त्वता स्पष्ट करतो.
"নেলছন মাণ্ডেলা: লং ৱাক টু ফ্ৰীডম" নামৰ অধ্যায়টো নেলছন মাণ্ডেলাৰ জীৱনৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত। বৰ্ণবৈষম্যৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দি দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ প্ৰথম কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হোৱা মাণ্ডেলাৰ জীৱনসংগ্ৰাম এই অধ্যায়ত বৰ্ণিত হৈছে। অধ্যায়টোত স্বাধীনতা, সমতা আৰু মানৱাধিকাৰৰ গুৰুত্ব প্ৰতিফলিত হৈছে।
"नेल्सन मंडेला: लॉन्ग वॉक टू फ्रीडम" हा धडा नेल्सन मंडेलांचे जीवन वर्णन करतो. त्यांनी २७ वर्षं तुरुंगात घालवून वर्णद्वेषविरोधी लढा दिला आणि दक्षिण आफ्रिकेचे पहिले कृष्णवर्णीय राष्ट्राध्यक्ष बनले. हा धडा स्वतंत्रता, समता आणि मानवी हक्कांचे महत्व दर्शवितो.
"নেলছন মাণ্ডেলা: লং ৱাক টু ফ্ৰীডম" অধ্যায়টোত নেলছন মাণ্ডেলাৰ জীৱনৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত। বৰ্ণবৈষম্যৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দি দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ প্ৰথম কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হোৱা মাণ্ডেলাৰ জীৱনসংগ্ৰাম এই অধ্যায়ত বৰ্ণিত হৈছে। স্বাধীনতা, সমতা আৰু মানৱাধিকাৰৰ গুৰুত্ব প্ৰতিফলিত হৈছে।
In Column A are some expressions you will find in the text. Make a guess and match each expression with an appropriate meaning from Column B.
The ceremonies took place in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria, South Africa. In India, some famous public buildings made of sandstone include the Rashtrapati Bhavan and the Red Fort.
10 May is an autumn day in South Africa because the seasons in the southern hemisphere are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere. While May is spring in India, it is autumn in South Africa.
Mandela refers to apartheid, the system of racial discrimination, as the “extraordinary human disaster.” The “glorious human achievement” he speaks of at the end is the establishment of a democratic, non-racial government in South Africa.
Mandela thanks the international leaders for supporting South Africa's struggle for freedom and for attending the inauguration ceremony, which he views as a collective victory for justice, peace, and human dignity.
Mandela sets out the ideals of liberating South Africans from poverty, deprivation, suffering, and discrimination. He envisions a country where all individuals enjoy equal rights and opportunities, regardless of their race or background.
Mandela mentions that every man has twin obligations: the first is to his family, parents, wife, and children; and the second is to his people, community, and country.
As a boy, being free meant being able to run in the fields, swim in the stream, and live without any restrictions as long as he obeyed his father and abided by the customs of his tribe. As a student, freedom meant being able to stay out at night, read what he pleased, and go where he liked. He contrasts these “transitory freedoms” with the “basic and honourable freedoms,” which include the freedom to achieve his potential, earn his keep, and marry and have a family. These are freedoms not to be obstructed in living a lawful and fulfilling life.
No, Mandela does not think the oppressor is free. He believes that a man who takes away another’s freedom is also a prisoner of hatred, prejudice, and narrow-mindedness. The oppressor, therefore, is as imprisoned as the oppressed.
A large number of international leaders attended the inauguration to show their support for South Africa's newly established democracy. It signified the triumph of justice, human dignity, and the end of apartheid, marking a global victory for peace and equality.
Mandela means that his achievements are the result of the collective efforts, sacrifices, and struggles of all the African patriots who fought against apartheid. He acknowledges that his success is built upon the foundation laid by others who came before him.
Yes, I agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character.” Mandela illustrates this by highlighting the courage, resilience, and selflessness of individuals like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, and many others who fought against apartheid. Their suffering and oppression shaped them into leaders of immense strength and character. An example could be Mahatma Gandhi, whose experiences of racial discrimination in South Africa fueled his determination to lead India's fight for independence through non-violent resistance.
Mandela’s understanding of freedom evolved as he grew older. Initially, as a young boy, he saw freedom as personal freedom—to live life as he pleased. However, as he matured, he realized that true freedom is indivisible, and he could not be truly free while his people were oppressed. This realization led him to fight for the freedom of all South Africans.
Mandela's hunger for freedom transformed his life. It turned him from a law-abiding attorney into a freedom fighter, and from a man devoted to his family into a man willing to sacrifice everything for the freedom of his people. This hunger led him to endure imprisonment for 27 years and become the symbol of the struggle for liberation in South Africa.
Here are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form, govern) by suffixing -(at)ion or ment. There may be a change in the spelling of some verb – noun pairs:
Noun | Verb |
---|---|
rebellion | rebel |
constitution | constitute |
formation | form |
government | govern |
Martin Luther King’s contribution to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days, American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation and humiliation by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment, and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance to racial injustice.
You know that the definite article ‘the’ is not normally used before proper nouns. However, when used in a plural or with “the”, it carries a special meaning.
For example:
… the decades of oppression and brutality … produced the Oliver Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, … of our time.
The correct meaning is (b) many other men like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu …/many men of their type or kind, whose names may not be as well known.
Match the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest in meaning in Column B:
In groups, discuss the issues suggested in the box below. Then prepare a speech of about two minutes on the following topic. (First make notes for your speech in writing.)
True liberty is freedom from poverty, deprivation, and all forms of discrimination.
Complete the sentences using the following phrases:
Complete each sentence by finding the second part of the contrast in the text:
Do you think there is colour prejudice in our own country? Discuss this with your friend and write a paragraph of about 100 to 150 words about this.
Colour prejudice is a subtle but significant issue in many parts of the world, including our own country. Although blatant forms of discrimination have reduced over time, biases based on skin colour still persist. People with darker complexions often face implicit prejudice, especially in beauty standards, employment, and marriage. Advertisements and popular media continue to promote fairness as an ideal, leading to societal pressure. However, it's important to recognize that beauty and worth are not tied to skin tone. The need for greater awareness and education about this issue is crucial for fostering an inclusive and fair society. By breaking these stereotypes and celebrating diversity, we can work towards eliminating colour prejudice in all its forms.
When you were born you were pink
When you grew up you became white
When you are in the sun you are red
When you are sick you are yellow
When you are angry you are purple
When you are shocked you are grey
And you have the cheek to call me ‘coloured’.
Mandela argues that oppressors are imprisoned by hatred, prejudice, and narrow-mindedness, and are thus also deprived of their humanity. He believes true freedom comes when both the oppressed and the oppressor are liberated.
Initially, Mandela saw freedom only for himself, but as he matured, he realized that freedom is indivisible. The chains on his people became the chains on him, leading him to fight for the freedom of all South Africans.
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