Questions & Answers - CBSE Class 9 (60 from NCERT PDF)
20 Short (2M), 20 Medium (4M), 20 Long (8M) based on PDF exercises/content.
Short Questions (2 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. What is the main production activity in Palampur? (PDF p.1)
Answer: Farming, employing 75% of the population as farmers or laborers.
2. How is Palampur connected to neighboring areas? (PDF p.1)
Answer: By an all-weather road to Raiganj (3 km away) and Shahpur town.
3. What are the four requirements for production? (PDF p.2)
Answer: Land, labor, physical capital, and human capital.
4. Define fixed capital with an example. (PDF p.2)
Answer: Tools, machines, buildings used over years, e.g., farmer's plough.
5. What is working capital? (PDF p.2)
Answer: Raw materials and money used up in production, e.g., yarn for weaver.
6. Why is land fixed in Palampur? (PDF p.2)
Answer: No expansion since 1960; wastelands already converted.
7. Name the crops grown in Palampur. (PDF p.3)
Answer: Jowar, bajra (kharif), potato, wheat, sugarcane (rabi).
8. What is multiple cropping? (PDF p.3)
Answer: Growing more than one crop on the same land in a year.
9. What is the unit for measuring land? (PDF p.3)
Answer: Hectare (area of square with 100m sides).
10. Why is irrigation important in Palampur? (PDF p.3)
Answer: Enables growing three crops a year; 100% land irrigated.
11. What are HYV seeds? (PDF p.4)
Answer: High Yielding Variety seeds introduced in Green Revolution.
12. What is yield? (PDF p.4)
Answer: Crop produced on a given piece of land in a season.
13. Why do modern methods require more cash? (PDF p.5)
Answer: For HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery.
14. What environmental issues arise from modern farming? (PDF p.5)
Answer: Soil fertility loss and groundwater depletion.
15. How many families are landless in Palampur? (PDF p.6)
Answer: 150 families, mostly dalits.
16. What is the wage gap for farm laborers? (PDF p.8)
Answer: Minimum Rs300/day, but Dala gets Rs160 due to competition.
17. Who provides labor for small farmers? (PDF p.7)
Answer: Family members themselves.
18. What is Savita's working capital need? (PDF p.9)
Answer: Minimum Rs3000 for seeds, fertilizers, etc.
19. How do large farmers get capital? (PDF p.10)
Answer: From savings of surplus sales.
20. Name a non-farm activity in Palampur. (PDF p.10)
Answer: Dairy farming, selling milk to Raiganj.
Medium Questions (4 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. Describe the organization of production. (PDF p.2)
Answer: Production aims to create goods/services using land (natural resources), labor (educated/manual workers), physical capital (fixed: tools/machines; working: raw materials/money), and human capital (knowledge to organize). In Palampur, these combine for farming and non-farm outputs. (85 words)
2. Explain why land is fixed in farming. (PDF p.2-3)
Answer: Land area under cultivation in Palampur is fixed at 200 ha since 1960, with no scope for expansion as wastelands were converted earlier. This constraint requires increasing production through multiple cropping and modern methods rather than bringing new land. (75 words)
3. How does irrigation enable multiple cropping in Palampur? (PDF p.3)
Answer: Electricity-powered tubewells irrigate the entire 200 ha, replacing limited Persian wheels. This allows growing jowar/bajra (kharif), potato, and wheat (rabi) yearly, unlike rain-dependent areas. Nationally, only 40% land is irrigated. (80 words)
4. Differentiate multiple cropping and modern farming methods. (PDF p.4)
Answer: Multiple cropping grows >1 crop/year on same land (e.g., 3 in Palampur). Modern methods use HYV seeds, chemicals for higher yield per crop but require more inputs. Both increase production from fixed land. (70 words)
5. What working capital is needed for modern farming? (PDF p.5)
Answer: HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, water, and machinery repairs. Small farmers like Savita need Rs3000+, borrowed at high rates, unlike traditional methods using natural manure. (65 words)
6. Describe land distribution in Palampur. (PDF p.6)
Answer: 150 landless (dalits), 240 small (<2 ha, low income), 60 medium/large (>2 ha, half village land). Unequal, like India where small farmers hold little land. (60 words)
7. Why are farm laborers poor? (PDF p.8)
Answer: Landless or small plot owners like Dala/Ramkali get low wages (Rs160 vs. Rs300 min) due to competition, irregular work, and no surplus. (55 words)
8. Explain labor provision in farming. (PDF p.7)
Answer: Small farmers use family labor; medium/large hire landless/small plot laborers paid in cash/kind. Wages vary by region/task/season. (50 words)
9. Describe Savita's loan conditions. (PDF p.9)
Answer: Rs3000 at 24% interest for 4 months from Tejpal Singh; plus harvest labor at Rs100/day. High rate causes distress. (50 words)
10. How do factors of production differ in scarcity? (PDF p.10)
Answer: Labor abundant (many willing, low wages); land/capital scarce (fixed land, borrowing for small farmers). Land natural, capital man-made/increasable. (55 words)
11. What is surplus and its use? (PDF p.10)
Answer: Excess produce after consumption, sold by large farmers (e.g., Tejpal's 350 quintals wheat) for savings/capital next season. (45 words)
12. Describe dairy activity in Palampur. (PDF p.10)
Answer: Families feed buffaloes on jowar/grass; milk sold to Raiganj chilling centers, transported to towns/cities by Shahpur traders. (50 words)
13. What capital did Mishrilal use? (PDF p.12)
Answer: Mechanical sugarcane crushing machine; buys cane from others, processes to jaggery for Shahpur traders. (40 words)
14. Why sell jaggery in Shahpur? (PDF p.12)
Answer: Larger market/traders than village; simple home-based production limits local sales. (35 words)
15. Describe shopkeepers' role. (PDF p.12)
Answer: Buy wholesale from cities, sell rice/wheat/sugar/etc. in village general stores near bus stand. (40 words)
16. How is Kareem's activity different? (PDF p.12)
Answer: Computer classes using bought computers and employed women; educated labor vs. Mishrilal's manual/family. (45 words)
17. What is Kishora's fixed capital? (PDF p.13)
Answer: Buffalo bought with bank loan under government scheme. (30 words)
18. How many production activities for Kishora? (PDF p.13)
Answer: Three: Farm labor, dairy (milk sales), transport (buffalo cart for clay/jaggery). (35 words)
19. Why non-farm activities limited? (PDF p.13)
Answer: Require capital/loans; only 25% engaged in Palampur. (25 words)
20. What enables non-farm expansion? (PDF p.13)
Answer: Low-interest loans, markets via roads/telecom; little land needed. (30 words)
Long Questions (8 Marks Each) - 20 Total
1. Describe Palampur's facilities and compare with your village. (PDF p.1, NCERT Q1)
Answer: Palampur has 450 families, connected by all-weather road to Raiganj/Shahpur with bullock carts to trucks. Electricity powers tubewells/businesses; two primary schools, one high school, government health center, private dispensary. Upper castes own most land in brick houses; SCs (1/3 population) in mud/straw corners. All houses electrified. Compare: My village has basic road/electricity but lacks high school/health center, similar caste disparities. Palampur's developed infrastructure supports production unlike underdeveloped nearby villages. (160 words) Diagram: Village map sketch.
2. Explain the four factors of production with Palampur examples. (PDF p.2)
Answer: Production requires land (fixed natural resources like 200ha fields), labor (farmers/laborers like Dala), physical capital (fixed: tubewells/tractors; working: seeds/fertilizers Rs3000 for Savita), human capital (knowledge to combine, e.g., adopting HYV). In Palampur, farming organizes these for wheat/sugarcane; non-farm like jaggery uses machine (fixed) and cane (working). Scarcity: Labor abundant, land/capital limited for small farmers. This combination produces surplus for market. (155 words) Table: Factor | Example | Role.
3. Discuss ways to increase farm production from fixed land. (PDF p.3-4, NCERT Q8)
Answer: With land fixed at 200ha, Palampur uses multiple cropping (jowar/bajra, potato, wheat yearly via irrigation) and modern methods (HYV seeds raising wheat yield 1300 to 3200kg/ha, chemicals/machinery). Irrigation (tubewells since 1970s) key, unlike 60% rain-fed India. Green Revolution boosted wheat but not pulses. Challenges: More cash for inputs, environmental depletion. Sustainable: Mix traditional/natural manure. (150 words) Graph: Yield comparison.
4. Analyze Green Revolution's impact using Table 1.2. (PDF p.5, NCERT Q5)
Answer: Green Revolution (1960s) introduced HYV for wheat/rice; Punjab/Haryana/UP first adopters with tubewells/chemicals. Wheat production rose from 10MT (1965) to 113MT (2023), pulses stagnant at ~25MT due to less focus. Success for wheat via irrigation/fertilizers; unequal—benefits large farmers. Issues: Soil degradation, water depletion; Punjab uses most chemicals, rising costs. Graph shows wheat exponential growth vs. pulses flat. Reforms: Promote pulses, organic farming. (165 words) Graph: Plot production trends.
5. Why is increasing irrigation area important? (PDF p.4, NCERT Q4)
Answer: Only 40% cultivated land irrigated nationally; rest rain-dependent, low yields in Deccan/coastal vs. riverine areas. In Palampur, tubewells enabled 100% irrigation, multiple cropping, higher output. Increases production without new land, food security; reduces drought risk. Challenges: Overuse depletes groundwater. 2025 goal: Expand PMKSY for 50% coverage. (140 words)
6. Construct land distribution table for Palampur. (PDF p.6, NCERT Q5)
Answer: Of 450 families: Landless: 150 (0 ha, dalits); Small: 240 (<2 ha, inadequate income); Medium/Large: 60 (>2 ha, half village land, up to 10+ ha). Unequal like India (Graph 1.1: Small/marginal 85% farmers, 45% land). Causes: Inheritance splits (Gobind's 2.25 ha to 0.75 ha/sons). Impacts: Small unviable, labor migration. Reforms: Land ceiling/redistribution. Table: Category | Families | Land Share. (160 words)
7. Why wages below minimum in Palampur? (PDF p.8, NCERT Q6)
Answer: Heavy competition among landless/small plot laborers; Dala gets Rs160 vs. Rs300 min. Irregular work (daily/seasonal), varies by crop/task. No bargaining power; farmers hire cheaply. Like India, abundance suppresses wages. Solutions: Skill training, MGNREGA. (120 words)
8. Describe a 1-ha farmer's work/life. (PDF p.9, NCERT Q9)
Answer: Like Savita: Plans wheat; needs Rs3000 working capital (seeds/fertilizers), borrows at 24% + labor tie. Sows, irrigates, applies pesticides; family labors. Harvests for family/market surplus (little). Additional farm labor for income; household duties. Debt trap, hard life vs. large farmers' savings. (130 words)
9. How medium/large farmers obtain capital vs. small? (PDF p.10, NCERT Q10)
Answer: Medium/large sell surplus (Tejpal 350 quintals wheat) for savings/bank, buy tractors/cattle. Small like Savita borrow from moneylenders/large at high rates, no surplus due to small plots. Difference: Surplus cycle sustains large; debt burdens small, forcing labor. Reforms: Cheap bank loans. (125 words)
10. Analyze Savita's loan terms and bank alternative. (PDF p.9, NCERT Q11)
Answer: 24% interest/4 months + Rs100/day harvest labor; exploitative, adds work burden. Bank: Low rate (7-9%), no ties—easier repayment, more surplus/time for family. Improves condition, breaks debt cycle; promotes equity. (110 words)
11. Compare wheat production of three farmers over years. (PDF p.11)
Answer: Farmer1: Y1 100-40=60 cap; Y2 120-40=80; Y3 160-40=120 (grows). Farmer2: Y1 80-40=40; Y2 80-40=40; Y3 80-40=40 (stable). Farmer3: Y1 60-40=20; Y2 40-40=0; Y3 can't produce (declines). Lesson: Surplus builds capital for growth; lack leads to stoppage/borrowing. (140 words) Table: Production trends.
12. Describe small-scale manufacturing in Palampur. (PDF p.11-12)
Answer: <50 people; simple home/field methods, family labor rarely hired. Mishrilal: Electric sugarcane crusher on field, buys cane, makes jaggery for Shahpur profit. Limits: Small scale, no expansion due to capital/market. Benefits rural employment. (105 words)
13. Explain shopkeepers and trade in Palampur. (PDF p.12)
Answer: Few traders buy wholesale from cities, sell rice/sugar/etc. in general stores. Near bus stand, sell eatables. Kareem: Computer center employing women graduates, classes for students. Differs from manufacturing by service/education focus. (95 words)
14. Describe transport sector growth. (PDF p.12-13)
Answer: Vehicles: Rickshaws, tongas, jeeps, tractors, bullock carts ferry people/goods for pay. Grown over years. Kishora: Laborer bought buffalo (loan), sells milk, attaches cart for clay/jaggery transport to Ganga/Shahpur, earns extra monthly. Roads enable. (100 words)
15. Discuss non-farm activities' role in Palampur. (PDF p.13)
Answer: 25% workforce; dairy (milk sales), manufacturing (jaggery), trade (shops/computers), transport (carts). Low land need, uses surplus capital. Expansion: Loans/markets via roads. India: 24% rural non-farm; key for landless. (90 words)
16. Why people migrate from villages? Describe work. (PDF p.9, NCERT Q9)
Answer: Low wages/irregular work (Gosaipur/Majauli: 250/850 men migrate). Work: Punjab/Haryana farms, Delhi/Mumbai construction, Surat textiles. Harsh conditions but better pay than Rs160/day. (80 words)
17. Fill blanks on factors from story so far. (PDF p.9)
Answer: Labor abundant (landless/small families, low wages); land scarce (fixed, unequally distributed); use multiple cropping/modern methods for increase; capital scarce for small (borrow, distress); land natural/fixed, capital man-made/increasable. Care for land essential. (120 words)
18. How electricity helped Palampur farmers? (PDF p.3, NCERT Q3)
Answer: Powered tubewells for efficient irrigation of large areas vs. manual wheels; enabled multiple cropping, higher yields. Transformed farming since early arrival. (70 words)
19. Interview two laborers: Wages/work. (PDF p.8, NCERT Q7)
Answer: Local farm laborer: Rs200/day cash, irregular sowing/harvest. Construction: Rs250/day + meals, seasonal debt. Both in debt for festivals. (60 words)
20. Suggest ways for more non-farm activities. (PDF p.13, NCERT Q14)
Answer: Low-interest loans (banks/MUDRA), skill training (computers/dairy), better roads/markets/telecom for sales. Promote SHGs for women. Reduces farm pressure, jobs for landless. (70 words)
Practice Tip: 2M: 2min; 4M: 5min; 8M: 12min; use PDF examples/tables.
