Complete Summary and Solutions for Glory at Twilight – Woven Words NCERT Class XI English Elective, Chapter 7 – Summary, Explanation, Questions, Answers
A poignant story by Bhabani Bhattacharya capturing the rise and fall of Satyajit, whose financial success leads to ruin and deep reflection on failure, pride, and social relations. The narrative touches on themes of dignity, crisis, and the cultural fabric of village life. Includes detailed NCERT questions, answers, and exercises for Class XI.
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Glory at Twilight
Bhabani Bhattacharya | Woven Words Short Stories - Ultimate Study Guide 2025
Introduction to Short Stories - Woven Words
A short story is a brief work of prose fiction. It has a plot which may be comic, tragic, romantic or satiric; the story is presented to us from one of the many available points of view, and it may be written in the mode of fantasy, realism or naturalism.
In the ‘story of incident’ the focus of interest is on the course and outcome of events, as in the Sherlock Holmes story. The ‘story of character’ focuses on the state of mind and motivation, or on the psychological and moral qualities of the protagonist, as in Glory at Twilight. Chekhov’s The Lament focuses on form—nothing happens, or seems to happen, except an encounter and conversations, but the story becomes a revelation of deep sorrow.
The short story differs from the novel in magnitude. The limitation of length imposes economy of management and in literary effects. However, a short story can also attain a fairly long and complex form, where it approaches the expansiveness of the novel, which you may find in The Third and Final Continent in this unit.
Key Elements
- Plot Patterns: Comic, tragic, romantic, satiric.
- Points of View: Multiple perspectives in fantasy, realism, naturalism.
- Types: Story of incident (events), story of character (psychology).
- Economy: Brevity demands concise management and effects.
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Author: Bhabani Bhattacharya (1906–1988)
Bhabani Bhattacharya, one of the foremost Indian writers of fiction in English, won acclaim for his novel, So Many Hungers (1947), which presents a vivid picture of the Bengal famine during World War II. He won the Sahitya Akademi Award for Shadow from Ladakh (1966). He also wrote a number of short stories.
‘Glory at Twilight’ is taken from the collection, Steel Hawk and Other Stories.
Major Works
- So Many Hungers (1947) - Bengal Famine
- Shadow from Ladakh (1966) - Sahitya Akademi Award
- Short Stories: Steel Hawk and Other Stories
Key Themes
- Social realism, poverty, and human struggle
- Post-colonial India: Success, failure, and irony
- Psychological depth in ordinary lives
Style
Realistic, ironic; focuses on inner conflict and societal critique through character-driven narratives.
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Full Story Text: Glory at Twilight
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Story Summary: English & Hindi (Detailed Overview)
English Summary (Approx. 1.5 Pages)
Satyajit, a fallen banker, travels by train to his village Shantipur, reflecting on his rise from clerk to Managing Director via exposing a forger, and his sudden ruin. Rationing cigarettes, he ponders "What now?" amid loss of assets, including his city home and cars, while his wife births their son in Delhi.
Invited by "Uncle" Srinath for his fifth daughter's wedding, Satyajit seeks respite from despair. Welcomed as a village hero—garlanded, feet washed by bride Beena—he basks in false adulation, regretting not visiting in prosperity. He plans Rs 101 dowry but Srinath demands Rs 2001, forcing Satyajit to mortgage his ancestral house and pond to moneylender Harish, his last gifts for his wife.
Confession stifled by Srinath's worship, Satyajit signs the deed amid wedding festivities, retreating to smoke his last cigarette under a fig tree, whispering "What now?" in ironic twilight glory—his fall complete, cycle closed to humble origins.
हिंदी सारांश (संक्षिप्त)
सत्यजित, एक दिवालिया बैंकर, शांतिपुर गाँव की ओर ट्रेन से जाता है, अपनी सफलता (फर्जीवाड़ा उजागर कर) और अचानक पतन पर चिंतन करता। सिगरेट सीमित, वह "अब क्या?" सोचता, संपत्ति गंवाकर, जबकि पत्नी दिल्ली में पुत्र को जन्म देती।
"अंकल" श्रीनाथ द्वारा पाँचवीं पुत्री की शादी के निमंत्रण पर, सत्यजित दुःख से मुक्ति चाहता। हीरो की तरह स्वागत—माला, बीना द्वारा पैर धुलाई—झूठी प्रशंसा में डूबा, वह समृद्धि में न आने का पछताता। वह 101 रुपये दहेज सोचता, किंतु श्रीनाथ 2001 मांगता, सत्यजित को पैतृक घर-तालाब गिरवी रखना पड़ता।
श्रीनाथ की पूजा से स्वीकारोक्ति रुक जाती, सत्यजित शादी के बीच दस्तावेज़ पर हस्ताक्षर करता, अंजीर वृक्ष तले अंतिम सिगरेट पीते "अब क्या?" फुसफुसाता—उसका पतन पूर्ण, चक्र विनम्र शुरुआत पर बंद।
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Plot Summary: Key Events & Structure
Overview
The narrative traces Satyajit's ironic return to roots post-ruin, blending flashback success with present humiliation. Central conflict: Pride vs. reality, as false glory crumbles under familial demands, cycling back to humility.
Structure in Phases
- Exposition: Train journey, reminiscences of rise/fall (Wheel of fortune motif).
- Rising Action: Village welcome as hero, dowry shock, failed confession.
- Climax: Mortgage signing—last assets lost to "benediction."
- Resolution: Solitary smoke, resigned "What now?" in twilight.
Points to Ponder
- Symbolism: Train/wheel = life's turns; fish-pond/house = fragile security.
- Narrative Voice: Third-person limited, delving Satyajit's psyche.
- Cultural Insight: Indian dowry pressures, post-independence irony (Nehru references).
Tip: Circular structure—village start/end underscores inescapable fate.
Understanding the Text
1. Give reasons for the following
- Escape from suffocating city despair; renew strength at life's starting point (village).
- View ancestral assets (house, pond) as final gifts to wife; send minimal help to Srinath.
- Psychological relief: Bask in false homage, delay confrontation with ruin.
- Wheel of fortune motif: Forger's exposure launched his career; now parallels own "crime" of overreach.
- Empathy dawns—troubled by forger's grief (TB wife, shame as killer); regrets contempt, late gratitude.
- Self-reflection: Both turned wheel via desperation; questions crime's morality in crisis.
- Satyajit as "benediction"—funded prior daughters' weddings; pride in village "glory."
- Family ritual: Feet-washing, fanning as honor; mother credits him as surrogate father.
- Village spectacle: Hero's return fulfills communal dream of Bengal's business success.
- Assumed millionaire's cashless arrival shatters illusion; panic over dowry default.
- Anger at Harish's refusal (on security, not trust); sees as malice against "god."
- Wrath veiled in sympathy—dishonor risks Beena's future; demands mortgage as fix.
- Impersonates prosperous self amid adulation; true ruin hidden, glory "overlaid with dark shame."
- Regret for not basking in real homage; false echo heightens isolation in "twilight splendour."
- Irony: Village sees dream fulfilled, but he's fallen—confession choked by worship.
- Pride stifles: Srinath's rhapsody ("life-spark in your fist") clutches "dead hand" of millionaire image.
- Fear of shattering illusion; excuse (no bank time) delays truth, preserves day's peace.
- Self-deception: Easier to mortgage assets than confess; upholds "god" facade for all.
2. Describe the cycle of events in Satyajit’s life that brought him back to where he began.
- Rise: Humble village origins → Clerkship → Exposes forger (wheel turns) → Accountant → MD via grit/energy; prosperity funds Srinath's daughters, city luxuries.
- Apex: "Flush of prosperity"—marries fortune, wide-eyed homage; but overreach seeds fall.
- Fall: Bank collapse ("tempo faster than success") wipes assets; son's birth amid ruin—sells ring for rites.
- Cycle Close: Returns to Shantipur (starting point) for wedding; false glory → Rs 2001 demand → Mortgages house/pond (last ties); ends under fig tree, smoking last cigarette—"What now?" echoes origins' struggle.
- Thematic Loop: Wheel's volition mocks ambition; glory's "twilight" fades to humble breath, irony in "benediction" as curse.
Talking about the Text - Discussion Prompts
Discuss in pairs or small groups
1. It is difficult to adjust to a fall from glory.
- Satyajit's "impostor" pangs and rationed smokes show psychological whiplash—prosperity's "undreamable dream" to dust-sucking ruin; parallels real falls (e.g., entrepreneurs' bankruptcies).
- Societal lens: Village homage sustains illusion, delaying adjustment; modern tie-in: Social media's filtered success amplifies post-fall isolation.
- Coping contrasts: Satyajit's false basking vs. genuine return to roots—does denial aid or hinder? Share personal "glory" shifts.
- Broad: Gender/cultural angles—Satyajit's pride vs. women's dowry burdens; resilience in humility as true adjustment.
2. ‘Failure had a tempo faster than success.’
- Narrative truth: Slow clerk-to-MD climb vs. overnight collapse—mirrors economic volatility (e.g., 2008 crashes); Satyajit's "overreach" as hubris.
- Psychological speed: Reminiscence orbit vs. sudden "wrenching"; irony in forger's parallel desperation.
- Contemporary: Startup booms/busts; discuss resilience—Satyajit's village return as reset, or endless cycle?
- Extension: Role-play Satyajit's post-story job hunt—how does "faster" tempo shape identity?
3. Satyajit should have revealed his predicament to his uncle.
- Pro: Honesty could foster empathy—Srinath's "daughter crisis" shared burden; avoids mortgage regret, preserves assets for son.
- Con: Pride/cultural facade ("millionaire god") risks rejection; day's peace shattered, wedding dishonor immediate.
- Ethics: Deception's cost—impostor guilt vs. relational mercy; modern: Transparency in family finances (dowry parallels).
- Outcome alt: If confessed, Srinath's reaction? Explore class dynamics—village dependence on urban "glory."
4. The author’s comment on crime and punishment.
- Forger episode: Satyajit's initial contempt ("not even for dying wife") evolves to troubled empathy—shame "kills as fast as TB"; questions retributive justice.
- Irony: His "crime" (overreach) unpunished yet self-inflicted; forger's wheel aids rise, blurring victim/perpetrator.
- Broad: Societal "punishment"—dowry as cultural crime, Nehru-era ideals vs. reality (moneylender trust).
- Modern: White-collar falls vs. petty desperation; debate restorative justice over punitive.
Appreciation & Analysis
1. How is Satyajit’s financial crash introduced to the reader?
- Subtly via internal monologue: Train rationing ("brusquely" withdraws cigarette) hints denial; "What now?" obsession builds to explicit collapse revelation.
- Flashback interweave: Rise's thrill contrasts fall's "broken mass," "tempo far faster"—wheel motif foreshadows without exposition dump.
- Irony layers: Son's birth telegram amid asset loss; sold ring for rites symbolizes emasculation, evoking quiet pathos over melodrama.
- Effect: Gradual immersion in psyche—reader feels "undreamable dream" shatter, mirroring adjustment's difficulty.
2. Comment on the way in which the story is narrated from Satyajit’s perspective.
- Third-person limited: Deep dives into thoughts ("wincing" reminiscence orbit), building empathy; external events filtered through his "unhappy eye."
- Stream-of-consciousness fragments: "The banking establishment... What now?" captures obsession, psychological realism.
- Irony via gaps: Village sees hero, but reader knows impostor—heightens tension in unspoken confession.
- Strength: Intimate fall from glory; contrasts public homage with private "wrenching," critiquing facades.
3. How has the author used the episode of the bank theft to comment on Satyajit’s success in his career?
- Pivotal wheel-turn: Theft exposure launches rise, but forger's frenzy/grief foreshadows Satyajit's own desperation—success built on another's fall.
- Moral ambiguity: Initial "honest contempt" evolves to regret ("give him a chance?"); critiques unchecked ambition's human cost.
- Parallel arcs: Forger's "shame kills" echoes Satyajit's "dark shame" overlay; theft as microcosm—grit aids climb, but overreach invites ruin.
- Thematic: Irony in gratitude too late; success's "amazing tempo" illusory, wheel's volition indifferent to ethics.
4. How do these lines capture the essence of the story: ‘Glory was all overlaid with dark shame. Glory was dead.’ ‘… let him be wrapped a while in the lingering twilight splendour of departed glory’.
- First: Condenses fall's pathos—prosperity's veneer cracked by failure; "overlaid" suggests buried light, "dead" absolute loss, evoking tragic irony.
- Second: Twilight metaphor encapsulates transient illusion—Satyajit's deliberate imposture for day's peace; "lingering splendour" bittersweet, prefigures stream's "fury."
- Essence: Cycle of rise/fall; glory's ephemerality in cultural pressures (dowry, homage); bittersweet resignation in title's "twilight."
- Effect: Poetic compression—wheel's turn from blaze to fade, mirroring life's remorseless orbit.
Language Work
1. Notice this description: Tall, thin, near forty, he had sharp features, the hair receding on his temple in wide shiny patches. His eyes hated glare and he wore smart eye-glasses to shield them. His mouth, thin-lipped, would tighten in repose to a line that suggested strength of will but might have only been pride.
- Srinath: "High cheekbones and grey stubble... clear coating of strong elation" (elation/pride).
- Beena: "Shy, slender with large pensive eyes in a graceful face" (innocence/vulnerability).
- Forger: "Face turning back... wore stark fear; head between hands... queer rhythmic frenzy" (desperation/grief).
- Schoolmaster: "Swelled with pride... violent fit of coughing" (pomposity/regret).
Example: Elderly aunt: Stooped, silver-haired with laugh lines etching wise eyes; hands veined like river maps, gripping stories with gentle firmness—resilience veiled in quiet warmth.
2. Notice these expressions: ‘We bask in your benediction. Our life-spark itself is held in your fist.’ ‘This is her day. Let Beena alone wash and wipe the reverent feet. All her life she will remember this honour befalling her on the auspicious day of her marriage.’
- Poetic exaggeration: "Bask in benediction/life-spark in fist"—devotional hyperbole, god-man dynamic in familial ties.
- Ritualistic formality: "Auspicious day... reverent feet"—auspiciousness (shubh), honor (maan) in weddings; hyperbolic memory ("all her life").
- Cultural: Benediction as tangible (money); communal joy in crises (daughter's marriage).
- "Wide-eyed wonder and eager homage"; "Daughter crisis"; "Blind-man’s staff"; "Drop in the ocean."
3. Notice these fragments in para three of the lesson: a. The banking establishment of which he had attained control. b. The amazing tempo of it all. These are not complete sentences but serve to capture the character’s train of thought. Such devices are often used in creative writing.
- Elliptical phrases mimic obsession: Fragmented syntax evokes "orbit of reminiscence," urgency of rise/fall.
- Effect: Immersive psyche—reader orbits with Satyajit; builds tempo contrast (slow train vs. "amazing tempo").
- Creative use: Heightens irony—boasts incomplete, mirroring shattered glory.
Interactive Quiz - Test Your Understanding
10 MCQs on plot, themes, and language. Aim for 80%+.
Suggested Reading
- An Astrologer’s Day and other Stories by R.K. Narayan.
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